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Module 3 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

what does the GI system involve

A 
oral cavity
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
digestion
elimination
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2
Q

what three main problems happen within the esophagus

A

Dysphagia, achalasia, and GERD

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3
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

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4
Q

what diseases/occurrences cause dysphagia

A 
parkinsons
multiple sclerosis
dementia
stroke
trauma
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5
Q

when people have dysphagia they tend to be

A

dehydrated, have weight loss, malnutrition, and aspiration

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6
Q

what are S/S of dysphagia

A

drooling, increased oral secretions
coughing or choking at meals
hoarseness or increased throat clearing
gurgling voice

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7
Q

for those who have difficulty swallowing and are at risk for aspiration pneumonia what are a few interventions we can help them

A

HOB raised for at least 30 minutes after meals

give them easier food to chew and thicken liquids

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8
Q

peristalsis lower 2/3 of the esophagus is absent (smooth muscle)

A

achalasia

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9
Q

what are symptoms of achalasia

A

might feel food sticking
foul breath
symptoms of GERD
belching

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10
Q

achalasia is a smooth muscle so it is a ______ problem

A

nerve

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11
Q

dysphagia is a ______ problem

A

mechanical

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12
Q

how do you manage esophageal problem

A

eat slow and lots of fluids
ccb and nitrates before meals
inject botox
pneumatic dilation

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13
Q

what is a problem of the stomach

A

peptic ulcer disease

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14
Q

what are risk factors of peptic ulcer disease

A

high stress life, large amount of caffeine, large amount of alcohol, long-term NSAID, H. Pylori

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15
Q

what is H. Pylori bacteria

A

it lives in the stomach and can live for a long time, some people may develop ulcers and some may not

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16
Q

what are the two clinical manifestations

A

gastric- 1-2 hr after meal burning

duodenal- 2-5 hr after meal burning/cpramping

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17
Q

where will gastric burning be located

A

higher in the stomach

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18
Q

where will duodenal burning/cramping be located

A

near small intestines

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19
Q

what are the 3 BIG complications of peptic ulcer

A
  1. hemorrhage
  2. perforation
  3. gastric outlet obstruction
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20
Q

what are signs of hemorrhage

A

throwing up blood and poop in blood(melena)

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21
Q

what labs will be done to see how much blood is lost

A

H&H

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22
Q

ulcer has eaten a hole through the stomach and is perforated (can get septic)

A

perforation

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23
Q

things can not be dumped into small intestines because the inflammation at the end of the stomach

A

gastric outlet obstruction

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24
Q

what are nursing interventions for peptic ulcer disease

A 
NPO
order to place NG tube
VS
Lab work 
Pain meds
Antibiotics
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25
Q

why would a peptic ulcer pt be given antibiotics

A

because of H. Pylori and they will take it a full 14 days and need to FINISH the prescription

26
Q

what is the main inflammatory intestinal disorder

A

diverticulitis

27
Q

bulging pouches in the GI wall pushed the mucosal lining thru the surrounding muscle (sac like)

A

diverticulum

28
Q

if theres not an inflammation of the diverticulum there is

A

not a problem

29
Q

where is the diverticular disease most common

A

sigmoid colon

30
Q

low _____ diet and ______ contributes to development and plays a major role in the development of _________

A

fiber; constipation; diverticulosis

31
Q

sacklike herniation of the lining of the bowel (fine)

A

diverticulum

32
Q

multiple diverticula present NO inflammation/systems (can have it but not an inflammation issue)

A

diverticulosis

33
Q

infection/inflammation of the diverticulum (problems because now those little holes have inflammation because they are infected)

A

diverticulitis

34
Q

undigested foods, especially seeds, mix with bacteria and accumulate in diverticula sac forming a hard mass

A

diverticulitis

35
Q

when food gets caught in the sac and gets infected on the outside making it rupture (perforate) what happens to what is inside the intestines

A

it will dump into the gut and cause problems

36
Q

what are clinical manifestations of diverticulitis

A

pain, fever, vomiting, WBC up, abd pain, X-ray shows air in the gut

37
Q

peritonitis is due to ________

A

diverticulitis rupture

38
Q

what are dx tests for peptic ulcer disease

A

barium enema

colonoscopy

39
Q

if pt was going in for a barium enema what would you teach

A

liquid is white and chalky so the very first bm may be white and chalky

40
Q

what type of surgery is done for diverticulitis

A

bowel resection to take out the perforation or the part that is sick
colostomy is done to give the bowel a break (temporary)

41
Q

what are nursing interventions for diverticulitis

A

maintain I&Os, teach foods that trigger, increase fiber/soft diet, antibiotic, stool softener, ambulation

42
Q

what are the 2 inflammatory bowel disease

A

crown’s disease and ulcerative colitis

43
Q

can start form the mouth tho the anus (goes all the way through)

A

crohn’s disease

44
Q

can infect multiple sections, skipping around

A

crohn’s disease

45
Q

what would the bowel look like on a scope of crohn’s disease

A

cobble stoney

46
Q

what are clinical manifestations of crohn’s disease

A

family hx, anemic, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, malabsorption

47
Q

what is the BIGGEST catch of crohn’s disease

A

malabsorption

48
Q

crohn’s disease is ______ which means it goes all the way through the layers of the _______

A

transmural; intestines

49
Q

so if there is another intestines on top of the transmural area it will

A

eat through that one as well

50
Q

is crohn’s disease curable

51
Q

what if the bowel is so bad due to crohn’s disease

A

they remove it and give a colostomy or get a resection

52
Q

where is ulcerative colitis typically located

A

the colon (large intestines)

53
Q

what will ulcerative colitis look like inside by a scope

A

red and bloody

54
Q

what are clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis

A

NOT transmural, cramps, anema, fever, weight loss, chronic diarrhea (bloody)

55
Q

what are severe symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

tachycardia
hypotension (fluid loss)
tachypnea
dehydrated (lots of stool)

56
Q

what labs would be done on ulcerative colitis pt

A

H&H, WBC, Lytes (potassium, sodium)

57
Q

75% will have surgery- bowel resection (NOT A CURE) will have recurrence of the disease

A

crohn’s disease

58
Q

25% will have total colectomy (CURED but permanent colostomy)

A

ulcerative colitis

59
Q

occurs when intestinal contents cannot pass through GI tract; requires prompt treatment

A

intestinal obstruction

60
Q

what are the two types of intestinal obstruction and what do they mean

A 
mechanical= occlusion or blockage of lumen from tumor or it gets twisted
nonmechanical= most often from a neuromuscular disorder (decrease in the peristalsis)
61
Q

what intestinal obstruction will not be presented quickly and takes longer to realize

A

large bowel obstruction

62
Q

steps out from the colon wall, and remove with a colonoscopy

Module 3 (10 decks)

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