Sensory Neurons ll Flashcards
What are the functions of semicircular canals?
Oriented at right-angles so can detect changes in head position in all planes of movement
What are the functions of the otolith organs?
Respond mainly to static position of head in space (i.e., the effects of gravity)
In the cochlearvestibular system, in which portion of the CN8 flexing of the hair cells generates a nerve impulse?
In the vestibular portion
In the vestibular system, where does the impulse in the vestibular portion of the CN8 is projected to afterwards? (3)
Vestibular nuclei in medulla & pons
Where does the vestibular nuclei transmit information to? (3)
Cerebellum,
Spinal cord
brainstem
What are the three major somatosensory submodalities?
Nocioception
Hapsis
Proprioception
What is the NOCIOCEPTION somatosensory submodality?
perception of unpleasant stimuli (e.g., pain and temperature)
What is the HAPSIS somatosensory submodality?
perception of objects using fine touch and pressure receptors
What is the proprioception somatosensory submodality?
body sense
A person feels a sting from a bug on his skin, this is the ______________________ somatosensory submodality:
Nocioception
A person takes a cold shower to cool down during a hot day, this is the ___________________ somatosensory submodality.
Nocioception
An artist grabs and picks up a feathers with the tip of her fingers, this is the _____________ somatosensory submodality.
Hapsis
A person closes his eyes and waves his arms around while being able to describe their position in space, this is the _________________ somatosensory submodality.
Proprioception
An experience runner runs super fast during a track and field day. While running, he is able to look in different directions without needing to look at his feet to identify where they are every step of the way, this is the ______________________ somatosensory subdmodality.
Proprioception
How many nerve endings are responsible Nocioception submodality?
2
Free nerve endings for pain are responsible for _________ pain and ____________ pain and their response ________. The stimulus occurs when their is _________________________________
Sharp pain
Dull pain
Slow
Damage to the dendrite and surrounding cells
Free nerve endings for temperature are responsible for ________ and ____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is _________________________________
Heat
Coldness
Slow
Damage to the dendrite and surrounding cells
Meissner’s corpuscle for hapsis are responsible for ____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is __________.
touch
rapid
pressure
Pacinian corpuscles for hapsis are responsible for ____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is __________.
Flutter
Rapid
Pressure
Ruffini corpuscle for hapsis are responsible for ____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is __________.
Vibration
Rapid
Pressure
Merkel’s corpuscle for hapsis are responsible for ______________________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is __________.
Steady skin indentation
Slow
Pressure
Hair receptors for hapsis are responsible for ____________ and____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is __________.
Flutter
Steady skin indentation
Slow
Pressure
Muscle spindles for proprioception are responsible for _____________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is ________________________.
Muscle Stretch
Rapid
Movement stretching the receptors
Golgi tendon organs for proprioception are responsible for _______________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is ________________________.
Tendon stretch
Rapid
Movement stretching the receptors
Joint receptors for proprioception are responsible for _______________ and their response is ________. The stimulus occurs when their is ________________________.
Joint Movement
Rapid
Movement stretching the receptors
How many sensory receptors are responsible for Hapsis?
5
How many sensory modalities are responsible for proprioception?
3
Which type of afferent information does the dorsal root in the spinal cord carry ?
Sensory
Fibers entering the dorsal root bring sensory information from sensory _____________.
receptors
Which type of information is efferent and carried transmitted through the ventral root in the spinal cord?
Motor information
Fibers leaving the ventral root carry motor information to the _________.
muscles
True or False: Motor neurons may cross to the other side of the spinal cord and influence motor neurons there.
False: Sensory neurons
White-Matter fiber tracts carry information ______ and ____________ the _________.
to and from the brain
After receptors activated, ________ nerves carry signals to the spinal cord (dorsal).
spinal nerves
What are the two major pathways that extend from the spinal cord to brain?
Dorsal Tract
Ventral Tract
Which sensory sub modalities are part of the Dorsal tract of the spinal cord? (2)
Hapsis
Proprioception
Which sensory sub modality is part of the Ventral Tract of the spinal cord? (1)
Nocioception
The dorsal tract consists of large and heavily ____________neurons
large,
heavily myelinated neurons
In the dorsal tract, axons __________ (direction) the spinal cord to the dorsal_________ and synapse in the dorsal column ___________ in the __________
ascend
column
nuclei in the brainstem
Cell bodies of dorsal column nuclei send axon __________the brain stem to form ______________
ACROSS
Medial lemniscus
In the dorsal tract. Medial lemniscus ascends to the ____________ _________.
Ventrolateral Thalamus
From the dorsal tract, projections from the ventrolateral thalamus ascend finally to the ___________ ________________ _________ in the
__________ ________.
Primary somatosensory cortex
Parietal Lobe
The ventral tract consists of smaller _________ with ______ myelination than the dorsal tract.
Smaller Fibers
less myelination
True or False, the ventral and dorsal tracts follow the same route to enter the spinal cord.
True!
What are the three types of neurons?
Motor, Sensory, interneurons
Motor neurons are typically ________ neurons.
multipolar
Where are bipolar typically found?
(3)
They are Quite rare, Olfactory, retina and cochlearvestibular ganglia
What is the difference between ganglia vs. nuclei?
Ganglia = cluster of neurons in the PNS
Nuclei = cluster of neurons in the CNS
In the ventral tract of the spinal cord, axons synapse on _________ ____________ neurons which _________ the spinal cord and ascend as _______________ tract.
On second order neurons
CROSS the spinal cord
As ventral spinothalamic tract
Ventral spinothalamic tract eventually joins the dorsal tract in the_______________
ML Medial Lemniscus
In the ventrolateral tract, the route continues from the ML to the ___________________ and finally __________________________
Ventrolateral Thalamus
primary somatosensory cortex.
Explain the homunculus.
Its a map along the cerebral cortex of where each part of the body is processed. The sensations occur all along the body. The impulses from the body will be sent into the spinal cord and eventually back to the brain to be processed.
How many homunculi areas is S1 organized into and what are they?
4: areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2
In what order is the information passed from between the four homunculi areas?
3a, 3b and 1 and area 2
Describe the order of how the information is passed between the four homunculi areas.
3a: muscles to 3b: skin (slow) 1: skin (fast) 2: Joints, pressure
