Organization of the Nervous System l Flashcards
What is the Brain Theory? (2)
-The brain is the source of all behavior
-Brain abnormalities often underlie communication disorders
What is the Neuron Theory?
The unit of brain structure and function is the neuron
The brain is composed of two ___________.
Two symmetrical hemispheres, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere
The hemispheres are connected by?
By commissures and the largest is the Corpus Callosum
The inner hollow tube of the brain is filled by?
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
What is the cerebral cortex?
It’s the outer layer of the brain (bark). It is wrinkled tissue.
What is are Gyri?
They are the folds of the Cerebral Cortex.
What are Sulci?
Creases between the folds.
What are Fissures?
Large sulci e.g. Longitudinal and Lateral fissure.
The brain is divided into how many lobes and what are their names?
Divided into four lobes
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
True or False: Each hemisphere has a lobe?
True: (e.g., right frontal lobe & left frontal lobe)
What are the three divisions of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Forebrain, Brainstem, Spinal Cord.
Describe the Forebrain + Function. (2)
- Cerebral cortex & subcortical structures
- Performs higher functions like speaking, thinking, planning, remembering and perception
Describe the Brainstem + Function. (2)
- It is the underlying tube
- It performs regulatory and movement producing functions
Describe the Spinal Cord + general Function. (2)
- It is connected to brainstem and descends down the back
- It performs regulatory and movement producing functions
What constitutes the CNS and describe it’s regeneration after damage.
The brain and the spinal cord
Tissue does not regenerate after damage
What constitutes the PNS and describe it’s regeneration after damage.
Fibers in the periphery that carry information to and from the CNS
Tissue can regenerate after damage
The PNS is divided into the _____________ and __________.
Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).
What are the functions of the SNS? (Sensory and motor pathways)
- Sensory Pathways: Collect information from the senses and send it to the cortex
- Motor Pathways: Nerve fibers that connect the brain and spinal cord to the body’s muscles
What are the functions of the ANS?
Sensory & motor pathways that control the internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and stomach. (Sympathetic and Para-sympathetic NS)
What does Localization mean?
Different parts of the brain have different functions.
What does Lateralization mean?
Functions are localized on one side of the brain. E.g. Language processing and production.
Where is Broca’s area?
Inferior frontal gyrus, below the inferior convolution.
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Syndrome that results from damage to Broca’s Area (motor speech area). Unable to produce speech.
According to the neuron theory, what are characteristics of Neurons? (3)
- Neurons are discrete
- Neurons carry an electrical signal
- Neurons communicate with each other via a chemical signal, or a neurotransmitter
What are the three major parts of neurons?
Dendrites, Cell body (soma), Axon