Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CMSD5290 Intro to Neuroscience > Organization of the Nervous System l > Flashcards

Organization of the Nervous System l Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Brain Theory? (2)

A

-The brain is the source of all behavior
-Brain abnormalities often underlie communication disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Neuron Theory?

A

The unit of brain structure and function is the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The brain is composed of two ___________.

A

Two symmetrical hemispheres, the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hemispheres are connected by?

A

By commissures and the largest is the Corpus Callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The inner hollow tube of the brain is filled by?

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

It’s the outer layer of the brain (bark). It is wrinkled tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is are Gyri?

A

They are the folds of the Cerebral Cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Sulci?

A

Creases between the folds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Fissures?

A

Large sulci e.g. Longitudinal and Lateral fissure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The brain is divided into how many lobes and what are their names?

A

Divided into four lobes
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Each hemisphere has a lobe?

A

True: (e.g., right frontal lobe & left frontal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three divisions of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

Forebrain, Brainstem, Spinal Cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Forebrain + Function. (2)

A
  • Cerebral cortex & subcortical structures
  • Performs higher functions like speaking, thinking, planning, remembering and perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the Brainstem + Function. (2)

A
  • It is the underlying tube
  • It performs regulatory and movement producing functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Spinal Cord + general Function. (2)

A
  • It is connected to brainstem and descends down the back
  • It performs regulatory and movement producing functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What constitutes the CNS and describe it’s regeneration after damage.

A

The brain and the spinal cord
Tissue does not regenerate after damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What constitutes the PNS and describe it’s regeneration after damage.

A

Fibers in the periphery that carry information to and from the CNS
Tissue can regenerate after damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The PNS is divided into the _____________ and __________.

A

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the functions of the SNS? (Sensory and motor pathways)

A
  • Sensory Pathways: Collect information from the senses and send it to the cortex
  • Motor Pathways: Nerve fibers that connect the brain and spinal cord to the body’s muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the functions of the ANS?

A

Sensory & motor pathways that control the internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and stomach. (Sympathetic and Para-sympathetic NS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Localization mean?

A

Different parts of the brain have different functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does Lateralization mean?

A

Functions are localized on one side of the brain. E.g. Language processing and production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus, below the inferior convolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Syndrome that results from damage to Broca’s Area (motor speech area). Unable to produce speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
According to the neuron theory, what are characteristics of Neurons? (3)
- Neurons are discrete - Neurons carry an electrical signal - Neurons communicate with each other via a chemical signal, or a neurotransmitter
26
What are the three major parts of neurons?
Dendrites, Cell body (soma), Axon
27
What are the roles of Glia cells ? (2)
Hold Neurons together and carry out supportive functions
28
Neurons ______ information, _________information, and ___on information
Acquire information, process information, and act on information
29
What are Synapses?
Junctions between neurons.
30
What makes neurons discrete?
The fact that they never touch.
31
The Hebb rules states that...
When cells are activated at the same time they establish or strengthen the synapse.
32
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain's ability to modify, change, and adapt both structure and function in response to experience.
33
Frequently used Anatomical Term Rostral / _______ Anterior /_______ _______ / Ventral _______ / Inferior Lateral / ______
Rostral / Caudal Anterior / Posterior Dorsal / Ventral Superior / Inferior Lateral / Medial
34
3 Frequently Used Brain Sections in medical pictures.
Coronal Horizontal Sagittal
35
Structures on the same side are ____________.
Structures on the same side are Ipsilateral
36
Structures on the opposite side are __________.
Structures on the opposite side are Contralateral
37
Structures that lie in both hemispheres are ________.
Structures that lie in both hemispheres are Bilateral
38
Pathways that go away from brain structures are ___________. E.g.____________.
Efferent. E.g.: Motor Pathway
39
Pathways that go toward brain structures are ___________ E.g. ______________
Afferent E.g. Sensory Pathway
40
Support and Protection characteristics of the CNS. (3)
- Brain enclosed in the skull -Spinal cord encased in bony vertebrae - Meninges - CSF - BBB
41
What are the Meninges?
Three layers of membranes inside the skull and vertebrae.
42
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
- Dura Mater - Arachnoid Membrane - Pia Mater
43
What are the roles of the CSF?
Cushions the brain and Spinal cord (CNS) and removes waste.
44
What are the roles of the Blood-brain-barrier? (3)
1. Shields the brain from toxic substances in the blood 2. Supplies brain tissues with nutrients, 3. Filters harmful compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream.
45
What arteries supply the brain ? (2)
Two internal carotid arteries Two vertebral arteries
46
Connect at the base of the brain and branch off into the: ________Cerebral Artery ________Cerebral Artery ________Cerebral Artery
Connect at the base of the brain and branch off into the: Anterior Cerebral Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Posterior Cerebral Artery
47
What causes a stroke?
Interruption of blood flow to the brain that kills brain cells
48
What are the two types of stroke?
1. Ischemia - deficiency of blood flow to the brain 2. Hemorrhagic stroke – burst of a blood vessel
49
Characteristics of Neural Stem Cells:
- Undifferentiated - Capacity for self-renewal
50
Characteristics of Progenitor Cells (2):
- Develop from stem cells - Give rise to blasts, primitive types of nervous system cells
51
Neuroblasts develop into _______ or _____.
Develop into neurons or glia.
52
What are the types of glial cells? (5)
- Ependymal (produce CSF) - Astrocyte (nutritive and Support function) - Microglial (Defensive Function) - Oligodendroglial (Myelin for CNS) - Schwann (Myelin for PNS)
53
Gray Matter consists of_____.
Color from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.
54
White matter consists of________.
Color from axons covered in an insulating layer of glial cells.
55
What are nerves?
Fibers and fiber pathways within the PNS that enter and leave the CNS. E.g. Auditory nerve.
56
What is a tract?
Large collection of axons projecting to or away from a layer or nucleus within the CNS Examples: Corticospinal Tract, Optic Tract
57
What are Layers/Nuclei?
Large well-defined cluster of neurons deep inside the hemispheres and brainstem.
58
What are ventricles?
4 large open structures which lie deep inside your brain filled with CSF.
59
Paul Broca had a patient Had patient who was only able to say “tan” with paralysis on the right side of the body Where would the patient have a lesion on his brain?
To the third convolution of the left frontal lobe was found
60
What are the three convolutions?
1. Superior 2. Middle 3. Inferior
61
Structures that are close together are?
Proximal
62
Structures that are far apart are?
Distal
63
True or false: An MCA stroke can cause changes in behavior and personality?
True
64
The third and fourth ventricles extend into the __________ and the _________
Brainstem and spinal cord
65
Describe the Ventricles (2).
- Hollow pockets within the brain filled with CSF - Choroid plexus (glial cell structure) produces CSF

CMSD5290 Intro to Neuroscience (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions