Sensory Impairment

Question 1

Gustatory stimuli

Answer 1

Taste

Question 2

Kinesthetic stimuli

Answer 2

Provide awareness of the position and movements of a persons body parts

Question 3

Reticular Activating system (RAS)

Answer 3

Wakeful awareness

Question 4

Paresthesias

Answer 4

Abnormal sensations

Question 5

Conductive (middle ear) hearing loss

Caused by:

Answer 5

Ear wax

Otitis media

Question 6

Sensorineural hearing loss
Aka perceptive (nerve) deafness 

Caused by:

Answer 6

Damage to structures inner ear caused by actions or acquired conditions such as bilirubin encephalopathy ,
infection
administration of ototoxic drugs
exposure to excessive Noise

Question 7

Mixed hearing loss causes:

Answer 7

Results from interference with the transmission of sound in the middle ear as well as along neural pathways.
Mixed hearing loss occurs usually due to recurrent otitis media and its consequences.

Question 8

Otalgia

Answer 8

Feeling of fullness or pain in ear.

Question 9

Tympanic membrane perforation

Answer 9

Usually occurs as a result of the trauma such a skull fracture, explosive injury, or severe blow to the ear.
Can be caused by a foreign object.
Usually heals spontaneously within weeks. But some may take several months.
While healing the ear must be protected from water.

Question 10

Medications known for ototoxicity

Answer 10

Aminoglycosides
Aspirin
Quinine
Sildenifil
Cisplatin

Question 11

Emmetropia

Answer 11

Absence of any visual refractive error.

No glasses needed

Question 12

Myopia

Answer 12

Nearsightedness.

Light rays from a distant object are focused anterior to the retina.

Question 13

Hypertropia or presbyopia

Answer 13

Farsightedness

Light rays from distant object are focused behind retina.

Question 14

Astigmatism

Answer 14

Light rays are spread over a diffuse area rather than sharply focused on the retina.
Irregularity in curve of cornea

Question 15

Macular degeneration

Answer 15

Changes in pigmentation of the retina.
Painless decrease in central vision.
Blurred vision,
decreased ability to distinguish colors

Question 16

Glaucoma

Answer 16

Worlds leading cause of blindness.
Symptoms are: visual changes, vision loss, blurred vision or halos around lights, problems focusing, loss of peripheral vision,headache
Glaucoma cant be reversed.

Question 17

Three types of retinal detachment

Answer 17

1-rhegmatogenous detachment- most common- A hole or tear develops in the sensory retina.People with high myopia
2- traction detachment- Result of tension or a pulling force. Condition such as diabetic retinopathy, Vitreous hemorrhage or retinopathy of prematurity those changes etc. pulling force on delicate layers of the retina.
3-exudative detachment- Results from serous fluid under retina macular degeneration often causes production of that fluid

Question 18

Symptoms of retinal detachment

Answer 18

Sensation of the shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye,
cobwebs,
bright flashing lights,
sudden onset of great number of floaters
no pain

Question 19

Hordeolum

Answer 19

Sty
Infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin. Appears as a red tender raised area of the eye lid that develops quickly. Treatment involves warm compresses. Tends to reoccur.

Question 20

Chalazion

Answer 20

Inflammation of sebaceous gland in the eye lid. Appears as a swollen nontender raised area and maybe brand. Usually affects upper eyelid. Warm moist compresses and massage can help train the lesion. May need to be treated surgically

Question 21

Blepharitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of the lid margins and lash follicles.
Can cause burning and itching. Often mucus cresting and scaling the lid margins.
Caused by bacterial infection and is often treated with Antibiotic ointment.

Question 22

Keratitis

Answer 22

Inflammation or infection of the cornea.
Can lead to corneal ulcers or permanent vision loss.
May result from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or by inability to close eyelids.
Symptoms are pain, tearing, photophobia and blurred vision.
Can be treated with anabiotic’s antivirals or antifungals.

Question 23

Mydriatics

Answer 23

Medication that relaxes the ciliary muscle of the eye

Question 24

Cycloplegics

Answer 24

Medications to paralyze the iris sphincter of the eye.

Often use during surgery and examinations

Question 25

Miotics

Answer 25

Medication that Causes pupillary constriction.
Used to treat glaucoma.
Increases outflow of aqueous humor.

Side effects can be: periorbital pain
blurry vision
difficulty seeing in the dark

Question 26

Idiopathic

Answer 26

Unknown cause or origin.

Spontaneous

Question 27

Scleral buckle

Answer 27

A type of a surgery to repair retinal detachment.