Sensory Impairment Flashcards
Gustatory stimuli
Taste
Kinesthetic stimuli
Provide awareness of the position and movements of a persons body parts
Reticular Activating system (RAS)
Wakeful awareness
Paresthesias
Abnormal sensations
Conductive (middle ear) hearing loss
Caused by:
Ear wax
Otitis media
Sensorineural hearing loss Aka perceptive (nerve) deafness
Caused by:
Damage to structures inner ear caused by actions or acquired conditions such as bilirubin encephalopathy ,
infection
administration of ototoxic drugs
exposure to excessive Noise
Mixed hearing loss causes:
Results from interference with the transmission of sound in the middle ear as well as along neural pathways.
Mixed hearing loss occurs usually due to recurrent otitis media and its consequences.
Otalgia
Feeling of fullness or pain in ear.
Tympanic membrane perforation
Usually occurs as a result of the trauma such a skull fracture, explosive injury, or severe blow to the ear.
Can be caused by a foreign object.
Usually heals spontaneously within weeks. But some may take several months.
While healing the ear must be protected from water.
Medications known for ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides Aspirin Quinine Sildenifil Cisplatin
Emmetropia
Absence of any visual refractive error.
No glasses needed
Myopia
Nearsightedness.
Light rays from a distant object are focused anterior to the retina.
Hypertropia or presbyopia
Farsightedness
Light rays from distant object are focused behind retina.
Astigmatism
Light rays are spread over a diffuse area rather than sharply focused on the retina.
Irregularity in curve of cornea
Macular degeneration
Changes in pigmentation of the retina.
Painless decrease in central vision.
Blurred vision,
decreased ability to distinguish colors
Glaucoma
Worlds leading cause of blindness.
Symptoms are: visual changes, vision loss, blurred vision or halos around lights, problems focusing, loss of peripheral vision,headache
Glaucoma cant be reversed.
Three types of retinal detachment
1-rhegmatogenous detachment- most common- A hole or tear develops in the sensory retina.People with high myopia
2- traction detachment- Result of tension or a pulling force. Condition such as diabetic retinopathy, Vitreous hemorrhage or retinopathy of prematurity those changes etc. pulling force on delicate layers of the retina.
3-exudative detachment- Results from serous fluid under retina macular degeneration often causes production of that fluid
Symptoms of retinal detachment
Sensation of the shade or curtain coming across the vision of one eye,
cobwebs,
bright flashing lights,
sudden onset of great number of floaters
no pain
Hordeolum
Sty
Infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid margin. Appears as a red tender raised area of the eye lid that develops quickly. Treatment involves warm compresses. Tends to reoccur.
Chalazion
Inflammation of sebaceous gland in the eye lid. Appears as a swollen nontender raised area and maybe brand. Usually affects upper eyelid. Warm moist compresses and massage can help train the lesion. May need to be treated surgically
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the lid margins and lash follicles.
Can cause burning and itching. Often mucus cresting and scaling the lid margins.
Caused by bacterial infection and is often treated with Antibiotic ointment.
Keratitis
Inflammation or infection of the cornea.
Can lead to corneal ulcers or permanent vision loss.
May result from bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or by inability to close eyelids.
Symptoms are pain, tearing, photophobia and blurred vision.
Can be treated with anabiotic’s antivirals or antifungals.
Mydriatics
Medication that relaxes the ciliary muscle of the eye
Cycloplegics
Medications to paralyze the iris sphincter of the eye.
Often use during surgery and examinations
Miotics
Medication that Causes pupillary constriction.
Used to treat glaucoma.
Increases outflow of aqueous humor.
Side effects can be: periorbital pain
blurry vision
difficulty seeing in the dark
Idiopathic
Unknown cause or origin.
Spontaneous
Scleral buckle
A type of a surgery to repair retinal detachment.
