Growth and Developement

Question 1

There are many types of developmental theories. What kind of developmental theories did each person create?
Kohlberg:
Gould:
Freud:
Erickson:
Piaget:

Answer 1

Kohlberg: moral development (moral reasoning)

Gould: psychosocial (logical maturity)

Freud: psychosexual

Erickson: psychosocial

Piaget: cognitive development

Question 2

Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development include :

Answer 2

trust vs. mistrust 0-1 yrs
autonomy vs. shame/doubt 1-3

initiative vs. guilt 3-6 yrs
industry vs. inferiority 6-12yrs

identity vs. role confusion 12-18yrs
intimacy vs. isolation 20-40
generativity vs. stagnation 40-60
integrity vs. despair 60 +

Question 3

Piaget’s theory of intellectual or cognitive development.

4 stages:

Answer 3

sensorimotor stage- birth-2

preoperational stage -age 2-7

concrete operational stage- age 7-11

formal operational stage- age 11- adult

Question 4

In which of Piaget’s cognitive development stages would a person think with the use of symbols and images?

Answer 4

Preoperational stage

Age 2-7

Question 5

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person have organization of thoughts and far-reaching problem-solving?

Answer 5

Formal operations

Age 11- adult

Question 6

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person explore the environment?

Answer 6

Sensorimotor stage

Age birth to 2 years old

Question 7

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person Have Cooperation and sharing?

Answer 7

Concrete operations stage of cognitive development

age 7 to 11

Question 8

Which developmental theory focuses on the adult years?

Answer 8

Gould’s Theory of psychosocial development

Question 9

Growth refers to quantitative or qualitative events?

Answer 9

Quantitative.

Question 10

Development refers to quantitative or qualitative?

Answer 10

Qualitative.

Developmental tasks are age related achievements.

Question 11

Cognitive theories focus on emotional or thinking processes?

Answer 11

Cognitive theories focus on reasoning and thinking processes.

Question 12

Human growth and development are what kind of processes?

Answer 12

Orderly, predictable processes beginning with conception and continuing until death.

Question 13

Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory

Answer 13

LEVEL 1 -Pre-Conventional (birth-9yrs)
Stage 1-Obedience and punishment orientation
Stage2- Instrumental -relativist orientation
LEVEL 2 Conventional (9-13)
Stage 3-Interpersonal concordance
Stage 4- Law and order orientation
LEVEL 3 Post-Conventional (13+)
Stage 5.Social contract orientation
stage 6. Universal ethics orientation

Question 14

What to expect from a person in each level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory?
(3)

Answer 14

Level 1 Preconventional: response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.

Level 2: Conventional thought: sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of social and others’ expectations.

Level 3: postconventional: Self chosen ethical principles.

Question 15

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

Answer 15

Oral- birth-1yr

Anal- 1-3

Phallic 3-6

Latent 6-12

Genital 12+

Question 16

How do developmental theories help nurses?

Answer 16

Understanding normal growth and development help detect any deviations.

Important in helping nurses assess and treat a person’s response to an illness.

Question 17

What causes jaundice in newborn?

Answer 17

Results from breakdown of maternal RBC’s that are in baby’s system. Elevates bilirubin.

Question 18

How many months old would a child likely be to: 
Sit up?
Crawl?
Cruise?
Develop pincer grasp?

Answer 18

Sit up - at 7 months
Crawl -7-10
Cruise - 8-12
Develop pincer grasp - 10 months

Question 19

Which growth and development theory states that there are 8 stages of personality development with tasks that must be accomplished at each stage. The greater the achievements the tasks, the more adjusted the personality.

Answer 19

Erickson’s

Question 20

Which growth and development theory states that humans are born with instinctive needs. Lower level needs must be met before higher level and the ability to achieve self actualization.

Answer 20

Freud

Question 21

Which growth and development theory states that people interact with their social environment in a process of lifelong learning.
6 stages.

Answer 21

Havighurst

Question 22

Which growth and development theory states that cognitive development is progressive and sequential through 4 stages.
The person must have the basic abilities of assimilation, accommodation and adaption.

Answer 22

Piaget

Question 23

Half of all deaths of children under 5 years old are caused by:

Answer 23

Protein malnutrition

Question 24

What is the purpose of the “baby friendly hospital initiative “ developed by the WHO.?

Answer 24

Improving nutrition by promoting breast feeding newborns through age 4 months.

Question 25

CA-MRSA

Answer 25

Community Acquired MRSA. Usually starts with a painful skin boil. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions. Must come in contact with draining wound.

Question 26

SARS

Answer 26

Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Temp above 100, diarrhea, muscle aches,headache, dry cough 48 hours to one week after initial symptoms. Spread from China to Canada and US.

Question 27

Treatment for TB: | Latent and Active

Answer 27

Active TB- person is required to take med for 6-9 months. Latent TB- 9 months of meds.

Question 28

MDR-TB | Multidrug resistant TB

Answer 28

World wide problem. Caused by under treatment and noncompliance with medications. The strain in Russia is more severe than the rest of the world. Resistant to all 4 first line drugs.

Question 29

Who is at greater risk of suicide. | Teenager or elderly?

Answer 29

Older adults are at greater risk

Question 30

Anthrax

Answer 30

Bacillus that is not spread person to person. | Treated with cipro or doxycycline for 60 days.

Question 31

Smallpox: What was a side effect of the vaccine? When was last case of smallpox?

Answer 31

Cardiac toxicity is side effect of vaccine. Last case of smallpox was 1977.

Question 32

What is a statistic of the amount of deaths caused by tobacco?

Answer 32

1 in 5 deaths is caused by tobacco. More people than not wearing seatbelts.

Question 33

Piaget’s theory | What are the stages for ages 7-11 and 11-15? And describe

Answer 33

Age 7-11 Concrete operations: influenced by friends, can listen to and think about a peer’s point of view. Age 11-15 formal operations: moral decision making, use of abstract thought

Question 34

New growth charts take into consideration which data points as compared to the original growth charts.

Answer 34

Method of breast-feeding, racial and ethnic factors, chronological age, selected health deviations such as sickle cell anemia

Question 35

Which children are at risk for hypertension?

Answer 35

A child of any race with known family history of hypertension. African American or Mexican American children are at risk regardless of the family history.

Question 36

According to Erickson’s stage of integrity versus despair what is one thing An older adult can do?

Answer 36

Acceptance of one’s worth in viewing one’s life as meaningful as a task of the older adult according to Ericsson. Engaging the older adult and reminiscing can develop a sense of satisfaction with the life that was lived. Additional tasks of this age group include adjusting to physical decline and losses, establishing new rules, and preparing for death.

Question 37

Look for a tricky questions like which nursing intervention is associated with “restoring” the patient’s health versus “facilitating” coping versus “preventing illness” versus “promoting health.” Give examples of each

Answer 37

“restoring” : Giving prescribed anabiotic “facilitating” coping: discussing concerns associated with health responsibilities “preventing illness”: Recommending a support group “promoting health.”: Explaining ordered tests

Question 38

Suicide is a health risk for adolescence. Nutrition is a health behavior and not a risk.

Answer 38

***

Question 39

Is immunization a primary prevention or secondary prevention?

Answer 39

Immunization is primary prevention intervention. Primary prevention is aimed at preventing an initial occurrence of disease or injury.