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Foundations In Nursing Practice N109 > Growth and Developement > Flashcards

Growth and Developement Flashcards

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1
Q 
There are many types of developmental theories. What kind of developmental theories did each person create?
Kohlberg:
Gould:
Freud:
Erickson:
Piaget:
A

Kohlberg: moral development (moral reasoning)

Gould: psychosocial (logical maturity)

Freud: psychosexual

Erickson: psychosocial

Piaget: cognitive development

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2
Q

Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development include :

A

trust vs. mistrust 0-1 yrs
autonomy vs. shame/doubt 1-3

initiative vs. guilt 3-6 yrs
industry vs. inferiority 6-12yrs

identity vs. role confusion 12-18yrs
intimacy vs. isolation 20-40
generativity vs. stagnation 40-60
integrity vs. despair 60 +

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3
Q

Piaget’s theory of intellectual or cognitive development.

4 stages:

A

sensorimotor stage- birth-2

preoperational stage -age 2-7

concrete operational stage- age 7-11

formal operational stage- age 11- adult

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4
Q

In which of Piaget’s cognitive development stages would a person think with the use of symbols and images?

A

Preoperational stage

Age 2-7

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5
Q

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person have organization of thoughts and far-reaching problem-solving?

A

Formal operations

Age 11- adult

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6
Q

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person explore the environment?

A

Sensorimotor stage

Age birth to 2 years old

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7
Q

In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person Have Cooperation and sharing?

A

Concrete operations stage of cognitive development

age 7 to 11

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8
Q

Which developmental theory focuses on the adult years?

A

Gould’s Theory of psychosocial development

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9
Q

Growth refers to quantitative or qualitative events?

A

Quantitative.

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10
Q

Development refers to quantitative or qualitative?

A

Qualitative.

Developmental tasks are age related achievements.

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11
Q

Cognitive theories focus on emotional or thinking processes?

A

Cognitive theories focus on reasoning and thinking processes.

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12
Q

Human growth and development are what kind of processes?

A

Orderly, predictable processes beginning with conception and continuing until death.

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13
Q

Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory

A

LEVEL 1 -Pre-Conventional (birth-9yrs)
Stage 1-Obedience and punishment orientation
Stage2- Instrumental -relativist orientation
LEVEL 2 Conventional (9-13)
Stage 3-Interpersonal concordance
Stage 4- Law and order orientation
LEVEL 3 Post-Conventional (13+)
Stage 5.Social contract orientation
stage 6. Universal ethics orientation

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14
Q

What to expect from a person in each level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory?
(3)

A

Level 1 Preconventional: response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.

Level 2: Conventional thought: sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of social and others’ expectations.

Level 3: postconventional: Self chosen ethical principles.

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15
Q

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A

Oral- birth-1yr

Anal- 1-3

Phallic 3-6

Latent 6-12

Genital 12+

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16
Q

How do developmental theories help nurses?

A

Understanding normal growth and development help detect any deviations.

Important in helping nurses assess and treat a person’s response to an illness.

17
Q

What causes jaundice in newborn?

A

Results from breakdown of maternal RBC’s that are in baby’s system. Elevates bilirubin.

18
Q 
How many months old would a child likely be to: 
Sit up?
Crawl?
Cruise?
Develop pincer grasp?
A

Sit up - at 7 months
Crawl -7-10
Cruise - 8-12
Develop pincer grasp - 10 months

19
Q

Which growth and development theory states that there are 8 stages of personality development with tasks that must be accomplished at each stage. The greater the achievements the tasks, the more adjusted the personality.

A

Erickson’s

20
Q

Which growth and development theory states that humans are born with instinctive needs. Lower level needs must be met before higher level and the ability to achieve self actualization.

A

Freud

21
Q

Which growth and development theory states that people interact with their social environment in a process of lifelong learning.
6 stages.

A

Havighurst

22
Q

Which growth and development theory states that cognitive development is progressive and sequential through 4 stages.
The person must have the basic abilities of assimilation, accommodation and adaption.

A

Piaget

23
Q

Half of all deaths of children under 5 years old are caused by:

A

Protein malnutrition

24
Q

What is the purpose of the “baby friendly hospital initiative “ developed by the WHO.?

A

Improving nutrition by promoting breast feeding newborns through age 4 months.

25
Q

CA-MRSA

A

Community Acquired MRSA.
Usually starts with a painful skin boil.
At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.

Must come in contact with draining wound.

26
Q

SARS

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Temp above 100, diarrhea, muscle aches,headache, dry cough 48 hours to one week after initial symptoms.
Spread from China to Canada and US.

27
Q

Treatment for TB:

Latent and Active

A

Active TB- person is required to take med for 6-9 months.

Latent TB- 9 months of meds.

28
Q

MDR-TB

Multidrug resistant TB

A

World wide problem.

Caused by under treatment and noncompliance with medications.

The strain in Russia is more severe than the rest of the world. Resistant to all 4 first line drugs.

29
Q

Who is at greater risk of suicide.

Teenager or elderly?

A

Older adults are at greater risk

30
Q

Anthrax

A

Bacillus that is not spread person to person.

Treated with cipro or doxycycline for 60 days.

31
Q

Smallpox:
What was a side effect of the vaccine?
When was last case of smallpox?

A

Cardiac toxicity is side effect of vaccine.

Last case of smallpox was 1977.

32
Q

What is a statistic of the amount of deaths caused by tobacco?

A

1 in 5 deaths is caused by tobacco.

More people than not wearing seatbelts.

33
Q

Piaget’s theory

What are the stages for ages 7-11 and 11-15? And describe

A

Age 7-11 Concrete operations: influenced by friends, can listen to and think about a peer’s point of view.

Age 11-15 formal operations: moral decision making, use of abstract thought

34
Q

New growth charts take into consideration which data points as compared to the original growth charts.

A

Method of breast-feeding,

racial and ethnic factors,

chronological age,

selected health deviations such as sickle cell anemia

35
Q

Which children are at risk for hypertension?

A

A child of any race with known family history of hypertension.

African American or Mexican American children are at risk regardless of the family history.

36
Q

According to Erickson’s stage of integrity versus despair what is one thing An older adult can do?

A

Acceptance of one’s worth in viewing one’s life as meaningful as a task of the older adult according to Ericsson. Engaging the older adult and reminiscing can develop a sense of satisfaction with the life that was lived.
Additional tasks of this age group include adjusting to physical decline and losses, establishing new rules, and preparing for death.

37
Q

Look for a tricky questions like which nursing intervention is associated with “restoring” the patient’s health
versus “facilitating” coping
versus “preventing illness”
versus “promoting health.”

Give examples of each

A

“restoring” : Giving prescribed anabiotic

“facilitating” coping: discussing concerns associated with health responsibilities

“preventing illness”: Recommending a support group

“promoting health.”: Explaining ordered tests

38
Q

Suicide is a health risk for adolescence.

Nutrition is a health behavior and not a risk.

A
39
Q

Is immunization a primary prevention or secondary prevention?

A

Immunization is primary prevention intervention.

Primary prevention is aimed at preventing an initial occurrence of disease or injury.

Foundations In Nursing Practice N109 (9 decks)

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