Growth and Developement Flashcards
There are many types of developmental theories. What kind of developmental theories did each person create? Kohlberg: Gould: Freud: Erickson: Piaget:
Kohlberg: moral development (moral reasoning)
Gould: psychosocial (logical maturity)
Freud: psychosexual
Erickson: psychosocial
Piaget: cognitive development
Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development include :
trust vs. mistrust 0-1 yrs
autonomy vs. shame/doubt 1-3
initiative vs. guilt 3-6 yrs
industry vs. inferiority 6-12yrs
identity vs. role confusion 12-18yrs
intimacy vs. isolation 20-40
generativity vs. stagnation 40-60
integrity vs. despair 60 +
Piaget’s theory of intellectual or cognitive development.
4 stages:
sensorimotor stage- birth-2
preoperational stage -age 2-7
concrete operational stage- age 7-11
formal operational stage- age 11- adult
In which of Piaget’s cognitive development stages would a person think with the use of symbols and images?
Preoperational stage
Age 2-7
In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person have organization of thoughts and far-reaching problem-solving?
Formal operations
Age 11- adult
In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person explore the environment?
Sensorimotor stage
Age birth to 2 years old
In which of Piaget’s cognitive stages would a person Have Cooperation and sharing?
Concrete operations stage of cognitive development
age 7 to 11
Which developmental theory focuses on the adult years?
Gould’s Theory of psychosocial development
Growth refers to quantitative or qualitative events?
Quantitative.
Development refers to quantitative or qualitative?
Qualitative.
Developmental tasks are age related achievements.
Cognitive theories focus on emotional or thinking processes?
Cognitive theories focus on reasoning and thinking processes.
Human growth and development are what kind of processes?
Orderly, predictable processes beginning with conception and continuing until death.
Kohlberg’s Moral Development theory
LEVEL 1 -Pre-Conventional (birth-9yrs)
Stage 1-Obedience and punishment orientation
Stage2- Instrumental -relativist orientation
LEVEL 2 Conventional (9-13)
Stage 3-Interpersonal concordance
Stage 4- Law and order orientation
LEVEL 3 Post-Conventional (13+)
Stage 5.Social contract orientation
stage 6. Universal ethics orientation
What to expect from a person in each level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory?
(3)
Level 1 Preconventional: response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.
Level 2: Conventional thought: sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of social and others’ expectations.
Level 3: postconventional: Self chosen ethical principles.
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development
Oral- birth-1yr
Anal- 1-3
Phallic 3-6
Latent 6-12
Genital 12+
How do developmental theories help nurses?
Understanding normal growth and development help detect any deviations.
Important in helping nurses assess and treat a person’s response to an illness.
What causes jaundice in newborn?
Results from breakdown of maternal RBC’s that are in baby’s system. Elevates bilirubin.
How many months old would a child likely be to: Sit up? Crawl? Cruise? Develop pincer grasp?
Sit up - at 7 months
Crawl -7-10
Cruise - 8-12
Develop pincer grasp - 10 months
Which growth and development theory states that there are 8 stages of personality development with tasks that must be accomplished at each stage. The greater the achievements the tasks, the more adjusted the personality.
Erickson’s
Which growth and development theory states that humans are born with instinctive needs. Lower level needs must be met before higher level and the ability to achieve self actualization.
Freud
Which growth and development theory states that people interact with their social environment in a process of lifelong learning.
6 stages.
Havighurst
Which growth and development theory states that cognitive development is progressive and sequential through 4 stages.
The person must have the basic abilities of assimilation, accommodation and adaption.
Piaget
Half of all deaths of children under 5 years old are caused by:
Protein malnutrition
What is the purpose of the “baby friendly hospital initiative “ developed by the WHO.?
Improving nutrition by promoting breast feeding newborns through age 4 months.
CA-MRSA
Community Acquired MRSA.
Usually starts with a painful skin boil.
At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions.
Must come in contact with draining wound.
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Temp above 100, diarrhea, muscle aches,headache, dry cough 48 hours to one week after initial symptoms.
Spread from China to Canada and US.
Treatment for TB:
Latent and Active
Active TB- person is required to take med for 6-9 months.
Latent TB- 9 months of meds.
MDR-TB
Multidrug resistant TB
World wide problem.
Caused by under treatment and noncompliance with medications.
The strain in Russia is more severe than the rest of the world. Resistant to all 4 first line drugs.
Who is at greater risk of suicide.
Teenager or elderly?
Older adults are at greater risk
Anthrax
Bacillus that is not spread person to person.
Treated with cipro or doxycycline for 60 days.
Smallpox:
What was a side effect of the vaccine?
When was last case of smallpox?
Cardiac toxicity is side effect of vaccine.
Last case of smallpox was 1977.
What is a statistic of the amount of deaths caused by tobacco?
1 in 5 deaths is caused by tobacco.
More people than not wearing seatbelts.
Piaget’s theory
What are the stages for ages 7-11 and 11-15? And describe
Age 7-11 Concrete operations: influenced by friends, can listen to and think about a peer’s point of view.
Age 11-15 formal operations: moral decision making, use of abstract thought
New growth charts take into consideration which data points as compared to the original growth charts.
Method of breast-feeding,
racial and ethnic factors,
chronological age,
selected health deviations such as sickle cell anemia
Which children are at risk for hypertension?
A child of any race with known family history of hypertension.
African American or Mexican American children are at risk regardless of the family history.
According to Erickson’s stage of integrity versus despair what is one thing An older adult can do?
Acceptance of one’s worth in viewing one’s life as meaningful as a task of the older adult according to Ericsson. Engaging the older adult and reminiscing can develop a sense of satisfaction with the life that was lived.
Additional tasks of this age group include adjusting to physical decline and losses, establishing new rules, and preparing for death.
Look for a tricky questions like which nursing intervention is associated with “restoring” the patient’s health
versus “facilitating” coping
versus “preventing illness”
versus “promoting health.”
Give examples of each
“restoring” : Giving prescribed anabiotic
“facilitating” coping: discussing concerns associated with health responsibilities
“preventing illness”: Recommending a support group
“promoting health.”: Explaining ordered tests
Suicide is a health risk for adolescence.
Nutrition is a health behavior and not a risk.
Is immunization a primary prevention or secondary prevention?
Immunization is primary prevention intervention.
Primary prevention is aimed at preventing an initial occurrence of disease or injury.
