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KNSS 203 Skill Acquisition and Motor Performance > Sensory Contribution to Skilled Performance > Flashcards

Sensory Contribution to Skilled Performance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 sources of sensory information?

A
  • exteroception
  • proprioception
  • interoception
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2
Q

What is exteroception?

A

sensory information arising primarily from outside the body

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3
Q

What is proprioception?

A
  • sensory information arising from within the body, resulting in the sense of position and movement
  • sometimes called kinesthesis
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4
Q

What is interoception?

A
  • wholly within the body

- hunger and thirst

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5
Q

Name the 5 receptors that provide information to the neuromuscular system.

A
  • vestibular apparatus
  • muscle spindles
  • golgi tendon organs
  • cutaneous receptors
  • joint receptors
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6
Q

Where are vestibular apparatus found and what do they do?

A
  • inner ear

- assists with balance

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7
Q

Where are muscle spindles and what do they do?

A
  • receptors in the “belly” of muscles

- info about joint position

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8
Q

Where are golgi tendon organs and what do they do?

A
  • between muscles and tendons

- measures force production

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9
Q

Where are cutaneous receptors and what do they do?

A
  • receptors found in the skin

- provide sensations or feel

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10
Q

What do joint receptors do?

A

provide info on extreme positions of the joint

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11
Q

Describe the 2 possible paths of closed-loop control systems.

A
  • desired state –> executive system –> expected state –> comparator –> error signal
  • desired state –> executive system –> effector system –> actual state –> comparator –> error signal
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12
Q

What are the 4 distinct parts that all closed-loop systems have?

A
  • executive
  • effector system
  • comparator
  • error signal
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13
Q

What is the executive?

A

decision making about errors

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14
Q

What is the effector system?

A

carrying out the decisions

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15
Q

What is the comparator?

A

the anticipated feedback is compared to actual feedback to define an error

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16
Q

What is the error signal?

A

information acted on by the executive

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17
Q

Describe the closed loop system for air temperature.

A
  • control center (executive)
  • air conditioning (effector)
  • increased flow of cool air (output)
  • actual temperature (feedback)
  • actual state
  • thermostat (comparator)
  • difference in actual and desired temperature (error)
  • too warm (input)
18
Q

What is open loop control?

A

a type of system in which instructions for the effector system are determined in advance and run off without feedback

19
Q

What is closed loop control?

A

a type of system control involving feedback, error detection, error correction that is applicable to maintaining a system goal

20
Q

Name the steps in the loop for anticipated feedback.

A
  • input
  • stimulus ID
  • response selection
  • movement programming
  • anticipated feedback
  • comparator
  • error
21
Q

Name the steps in the loop for proprioceptive feedback.

A
  • input
  • stimulus ID
  • response selection
  • movement programming
  • motor program
  • spinal cord
  • muscles
  • proprioceptive feedback
  • comparator
  • error
22
Q

Name the steps in the loop for exteroceptive feedback.

A
  • input
  • stimulus ID
  • response selection
  • movement programming
  • motor program
  • spinal cord
  • muscles
  • movement
  • exteroceptive feedback
  • comparator
  • error
23
Q

Trace a star with your right hand and your left hand. What are the differences? Is there a part of tracing that is open loop controlled?

A

?

24
Q

Bounce a tennis ball and catch it. What part of this movement is open loop and what part is closed loop?

A

?

25
Q

What are some limitations of the closed loop system?

A
  • 3 corrections per second

- slow: especially if high demand for processing time (i.e. non-dominant hand)

26
Q

What are the positives of the closed loop system?

A

it provides flexibility in movement control

27
Q

What are the 4 muscle response types?

A
  • M1 response
  • M2 response
  • triggered reaction
  • reaction-time response
28
Q

Describe M1 response.

A
  • latency: 30-50 ms
  • almost no flexibility or adaptability
  • instructions have no role
  • number of choices has no effect
29
Q

Describe M2 response.

A
  • latency: 50-80 ms
  • low flexibility or adaptability
  • instructions have some role
  • number of choices can possibly have effect
30
Q

Describe triggered reaction response.

A
  • latency: 80-120 ms
  • moderate flexibility or adaptability
  • instructions have large role
  • number of choices have a moderate effect
31
Q

Describe reaction-time response.

A
  • latency: 120-180 ms
  • very high flexibility or adaptability
  • instructions have a very large role
  • number of choices have a large effect
32
Q

What is an example of M1 response?

A

muscle to spinal cord back to muscle

33
Q

What is an example of M2 response?

A

muscle to higher CNS back to muscle

34
Q

What is an example of triggered reaction response?

A

muscle to CNS to muscles in another area

35
Q

What is an example of reaction-time (M3) response?

A

voluntary contractions

36
Q

Several _____ _____ _______ account for corrections leading toward goal achievement in a closed-loop manner without involving the ______ _______ ______.

A
  • reflex-like processes

- information processing stages

37
Q

In moving from the M1, M2, triggered reactions, and M3 (or voluntary reaction time), these responses show systematically increased _____ but decreased _____.

A
  • flexibility

- latency

38
Q

What happens in the book holding experiment?

A
  • Arms drop quickly when books placed on palms…
  • (M1 response) Muscle fibres are stretched as arms drop… 30-50 msec
  • (M2 response) Muscles contract (tension), stops decent of books… 50-80 msec
  • (M3 response) Continued contraction raises books back to desired height (shoulders)… 120-180 msec
39
Q

What system do we use to obtain the goal in the book holding experiment?

A

closed loop system

40
Q

What part of the tight rope walking would be M1, M2, Triggered Response & M3 control?

A
  • M1 & M2 lower body balance (ankle joint reflexes)
  • Triggered Response would be arm actions and core stability (learned to become automatic)
  • Reaction time response (M3) catch your self if you fall

KNSS 203 Skill Acquisition and Motor Performance (7 decks)

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