Sensory And Motor Development 2

Question 1

What is the first sense to develop?

Answer 1

Touch

Question 2

What stage of tactile development takes place at 8 weeks?

Answer 2

Foetuses respond to the area around the lips being touched

Question 3

What stage of tactile development takes place at 10 weeks?

Answer 3

Reflexive grasp response when palm is touched

Question 4

What stage of tactile development takes place at 12 weeks?

Answer 4

Toes curl when soles of feet touched

Question 5

Explain the findings of Sann & Streri’s study

Answer 5

Newborn infants given small objects to hold until habituation.
Infants look longer at the novel object.

Newborns shown 1 of 2 objects until habituation.
Infants don’t hold the novel object for longer than the familiar object.

Cross-modal matching is not bi-directional

Question 6

At what age is the onset of crawling in infants?

Answer 6

5 months- 11 months

Question 7

Explain the findings of Herbert, Gross & Hayne’s study

Answer 7

9 month olds (half crawling, half non crawling) shown how to play with a novel toy with specific associated action. Tested 24 hours later

Both crawling and non-crawling infants could remember target action.
Only crawling infants were able to retrieve memory in a new context (flexible memory)

Question 8

In what ways is skilled crawling a better means of movement than novice walking?

Answer 8

• Better judgement of slope steepness
• Better judgement of drop depth
• Less falls

Question 9

In what ways is walking a better mode of movement than crawling?

Answer 9

• Covers space more quickly
• Gives access to more distant objects
• Allows different interactions with others
• Affords better visual input

Question 10

What is the violation of expectation task?

Answer 10

Children shown an event repeatedly until they habituate.
They are the shown one of 2 variations of the same event.
If they look at one event for longer it suggests they are surprised by it I.e. it has violated their expectation

Question 11

Explain the findings of Wynn’s study

Answer 11

4 and 5 month olds shown an event where objects were moved behind a screen and then the screen was removed.

Looked longer at the impossible event I.e 1+1=3 rather than 1+1=2

Question 12

According to Piaget at what age do children search for objects that are out of view suggesting object permanence?

Answer 12

9 months

Question 13

Explain the findings of Baillargeon’s study

Answer 13

6 and 8 month olds looked longer at the impossible event than the possible event suggesting object permanence

Question 14

How can we explain discrepancies between Piaget’s claims and Baillargeons findings

Answer 14

Children show object permanence when measured by their looking but not when measured by their actions.

Children have knowledge of the world from early infancy but they only gradually become able to act on that knowledge