Intro and prenatal development Flashcards
Define ontogenetic development
The development of an individual over their lifetime
Define microgenetic development
Changes that occur over very brief periods of time
Define phylogenetic development
Changes that occur over evolutionary time
Name 4 fundamental issues in developmental psychology
- Individual differences
- Sources of development (nature vs nurture)
- Continuity vs discontinuity
- Plasticity
What is a cross sectional study
Children of different ages studied at the same time
What is a longitudinal study
The same children are tested repeatedly at multiple time points as they grow older
What is a microgenetic study
Changes are examined as they occur. The same children are tested repeatedly over a short period of time
Name the 3 stages of prenatal development
- Germinal stage (conception- 2 weeks)
- Embryonic phase (2-8 weeks)
- Foetal phase (9 weeks- birth)
What is the ratio of males to females at conception and at birth
120-150 males to every 100 females at conception
106 males to every 1 female at birth
What do the inner and outer cell mass of the zygote become during the embryonic period
Inner cell mass becomes the embryo
Outer cell mass becomes the amniotic sac and placenta
What 3 layers does the inner cell mass divide into during the embryonic period
- Ectoderm (top layer) becomes nervous system, nails, teeth, inner ear, lens of the eyes, skin
- Mesoderm (middle layer) becomes the muscles, bones, internal organs, circulatory system, inner layers of the skin
- Endoderm (bottom layer) becomes the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands
What does the neural tube differentiate into
Brain and spinal cord
What is the most common human teratogen and its effects
Alcohol
Heightened activity reflexes and abnormal startle reflexes
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Facial defects, hyperactivity, behavioral problems
