Numberical cognition 2: Symbolic number processing

Question 1

At what age is the meaning of one understood in english speaking langauges

Answer 1

24-36 months

Question 2

Name 5 counting principles

Answer 2

1. Stable order
2. One-to-one correspondence
3. Abstraction
4. Order irrelevance
5. Cardinality

Question 3

Name the developmental stages in the aquisition of the cardinality principle demonstrated in the give-a-number task

Answer 3

Pre-number knower: number given is unrelated to the request
One-knower: the child gives one when one is requested and more than one for any request higher than 1
Two-knower: the child is correct for requests of 1 or 2 but unreliable for any higher requests
Three-knower: “”
Four-knower: “”
Cardinal-principle knower: the child knows the exact meaning of all the number words as high as they can count

Question 4

What is transparency

Answer 4

Transparent langauages reflect place value explicitly in their number words e.g. In Mandarin 11 is ten-one

Question 5

What is inversion

Answer 5

The order of number words for multi-digit numbers is reversed

Question 6

Explain the findings of Moyer & Landauer’s digit comparison task

Answer 6

Distance effect: the closer the two digits are in numerical value the longer it takes to decide which one is larger
Size effect: the larger the 2 digits are the longer it takes to decide which one is larger
Distance effect+ size effect = ratio effect

Question 7

What is the numerical congruity effect

Answer 7

Longer reaction times for incongruent trials