Creativity Flashcards
What are the 4 Ps used to organise creativity research?
Person (intrinsic factors)
Process (cognitive and behavioural factors)
Press (social and environmental factors)
Product (results of creative process)
What are the 4 stages of the creative process?
- Identifying problem
- Generating ideas
- Evaluating ideas
- Implementing ideas
What is divergent thinking
Generating ideas
The ability to generate multiple ideas in response to a problem
What is convergent thinking
Evaluating and implementing ideas
The ability to produce a single solution using logical and analytical thought processes
Name 3 verbal tasks used to measure divergent thinking?
- Alternative Uses task
- Consequences task
- Instances task
What are the 4 divergent thinking indices used to score DT?
- Fluency
- Originality
- Flexibility
- Elaboration
What is the consensual assessment technique
Group of experts judge whether a product or idea is creative in relation to their particular expertise
What are 2 advantages of verbal tasks
- quick and easy
- can be used with a range of ages
What are 3 disadvantages of verbal tasks
- Relies on verbal proficiency
- Requires representational understanding
- If administered in timed or exam conditions this could impact DT
Name 2 examples of figural tasks used to measure DT
- Circles
- Pattern meaning
What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of figural tasks
Advantage - doesn’t rely on verbal proficiency
Disadvantage- relies on fine motor skills
Explain the findings of Harrington, Block & Block’s study
Longitudinal
Tested on DT at 4 and 5
Teacher evaluations at 11
DT correlated with ratings of creativity at age 11 and was a significant positive predictor of creativity at preadolescence
Explain the findings of Liu, Shih & Ma’s study
Children with Asperger’s scored significant try higher on originality and elaboration
Neurotypical children scored higher on flexibility
What are 2 physical measures of DT
Thinking creatively in action and movement task
Unusual box test
Explain the findings of Hoicka et als study
Moderate positive correlation between parent and infant DT
What is the remote associations task
Ppts are given 3 target words and have to come up with a 4th word that is associated with all 3 target words.
Explain the findings of Howe, Garner, Charlesworth & Knott
Children and adults primed using DRM false memory task then complete RAT
DRM priming led to significantly faster RAT response times and solution rates in both children and adults.
If the critical lure was falsely produced, RAT response rates were significantly higher then if it had not been produced
What is an insight problem
Complex questions where ppts must be able to adopt a different perspective to reach the solution e.g nine dot problem
Explain the findings of Beck’s study
Tool innovation increased with age
8 years + the majority of children can create a tool to solve the problem
What is functional fixedness
Cognitive bias where individuals find it difficult to think of ways of using objects that differs from their traditional use
Explain the findings of Defeyter & Germans study
5,6,7 y olds either given a demonstration of the typical function of objects or presented with objects without a demonstration and then were asked to solve a problem.
6 and 7 y olds were less likely to select the correct object in the demonstration condition compared to the baseline condition
5 y olds were seemingly unaffected by demonstrations
Explain the findings of Scott, Leritz & Mumfords study
Creativity training programs were generally effective for both children and adults
Programmes that emphasise cognitive or heuristic approaches seem to be more effective than abstract approaches
What is comparative psychology
The scientific study of behaviour and cognition in human and non human animals
Explain the findings of Hanus, Mendes, Tennie & Call’s study
Older children performed better at floating peanut task
Chimpanzees and orang-utans performed better than 4 y olds but worse than 6 and 8 y olds
Suggests biological basis for tool use but human tool use becomes more sophisticated with development
