Creativity

Question 1

What are the 4 Ps used to organise creativity research?

Answer 1

Person (intrinsic factors)

Process (cognitive and behavioural factors)

Press (social and environmental factors)

Product (results of creative process)

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of the creative process?

Answer 2

1. Identifying problem
2. Generating ideas
3. Evaluating ideas
4. Implementing ideas

Question 3

What is divergent thinking

Answer 3

Generating ideas

The ability to generate multiple ideas in response to a problem

Question 4

What is convergent thinking

Answer 4

Evaluating and implementing ideas

The ability to produce a single solution using logical and analytical thought processes

Question 5

Name 3 verbal tasks used to measure divergent thinking?

Answer 5

1. Alternative Uses task
2. Consequences task
3. Instances task

Question 6

What are the 4 divergent thinking indices used to score DT?

Answer 6

1. Fluency
2. Originality
3. Flexibility
4. Elaboration

Question 7

What is the consensual assessment technique

Answer 7

Group of experts judge whether a product or idea is creative in relation to their particular expertise

Question 8

What are 2 advantages of verbal tasks

Answer 8

• quick and easy

- can be used with a range of ages

Question 9

What are 3 disadvantages of verbal tasks

Answer 9

• Relies on verbal proficiency
• Requires representational understanding
• If administered in timed or exam conditions this could impact DT

Question 10

Name 2 examples of figural tasks used to measure DT

Answer 10

• Circles

- Pattern meaning

Question 11

What is 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of figural tasks

Answer 11

Advantage - doesn’t rely on verbal proficiency

Disadvantage- relies on fine motor skills

Question 12

Explain the findings of Harrington, Block & Block’s study

Answer 12

Longitudinal
Tested on DT at 4 and 5
Teacher evaluations at 11

DT correlated with ratings of creativity at age 11 and was a significant positive predictor of creativity at preadolescence

Question 13

Explain the findings of Liu, Shih & Ma’s study

Answer 13

Children with Asperger’s scored significant try higher on originality and elaboration

Neurotypical children scored higher on flexibility

Question 14

What are 2 physical measures of DT

Answer 14

Thinking creatively in action and movement task

Unusual box test

Question 15

Explain the findings of Hoicka et als study

Answer 15

Moderate positive correlation between parent and infant DT

Question 16

What is the remote associations task

Answer 16

Ppts are given 3 target words and have to come up with a 4th word that is associated with all 3 target words.

Question 17

Explain the findings of Howe, Garner, Charlesworth & Knott

Answer 17

Children and adults primed using DRM false memory task then complete RAT

DRM priming led to significantly faster RAT response times and solution rates in both children and adults.

If the critical lure was falsely produced, RAT response rates were significantly higher then if it had not been produced

Question 18

What is an insight problem

Answer 18

Complex questions where ppts must be able to adopt a different perspective to reach the solution e.g nine dot problem

Question 19

Explain the findings of Beck’s study

Answer 19

Tool innovation increased with age

8 years + the majority of children can create a tool to solve the problem

Question 20

What is functional fixedness

Answer 20

Cognitive bias where individuals find it difficult to think of ways of using objects that differs from their traditional use

Question 21

Explain the findings of Defeyter & Germans study

Answer 21

5,6,7 y olds either given a demonstration of the typical function of objects or presented with objects without a demonstration and then were asked to solve a problem.

6 and 7 y olds were less likely to select the correct object in the demonstration condition compared to the baseline condition

5 y olds were seemingly unaffected by demonstrations

Question 22

Explain the findings of Scott, Leritz & Mumfords study

Answer 22

Creativity training programs were generally effective for both children and adults

Programmes that emphasise cognitive or heuristic approaches seem to be more effective than abstract approaches

Question 23

What is comparative psychology

Answer 23

The scientific study of behaviour and cognition in human and non human animals

Question 24

Explain the findings of Hanus, Mendes, Tennie & Call’s study

Answer 24

Older children performed better at floating peanut task

Chimpanzees and orang-utans performed better than 4 y olds but worse than 6 and 8 y olds

Suggests biological basis for tool use but human tool use becomes more sophisticated with development