sensing and responding to the environment Flashcards
what is life
exchanging on energy, matter and infomation
what is negative entropy
food taken from the environment that has a high order and is turned into lower order energy
what is a aperiodic crystal
something that has the capacity to store order, like DNA
how does food become lower order once eaten
Metabolism releases energy and some of that energy is being used to do work on the molecules to move in particular directions that help beings stay in an ordered state
describe the emergence of new phenomena and connections between different levels
new phenomena and connections between different levels can emerge, leading to the integration and purpose of individual organism
what is an example of an integrated system at the individual level
a kangaroo in a field can be considered as an example of an intergated system at the individual level
explain the unique nature of integration and purpose in individuals
individual organism exhibit a special combination of integration and purpose at the individual level
how can thermodynamics be used to understand metabolism
thermodynamics can be used to understan metabolism including defining a system and its environment and analyzing flows of energy and matter
define a natural thermodynamic system
an individual organism can be considered as a natural thermodynamic system with heat exchange energy flow and material exchange
what are some components of energy flow into a system
energy flow into a system through heat, radiation, air, water and sunlight
what are some components of energy flow out of a system
energy flows out of a system through heat, metabolic heat, radiant heat and convection
list some examples of matter flow into a system
matter flows into a system through food, nutrients gases and water
describe the first law of thermodynamics
the total energy of a system remains constant, even if it is converted from one form to another
what are some processes involved in temperature regulation
heat exchange, radiant heat loss, conduction, and convection.
define basal metabolic rate (BMR)
(BMR) is the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function
describe kleiber’s law
Kleiber’s Law states that metabolic rate is proportional to the body mass raised to the power of 3/4.
describe the three types of growth curves
The three types of growth curves are negative exponential, exponential, and intermediate. Negative exponential growth curve represents a slowing growth rate, exponential growth curve represents a constant growth rate, and intermediate growth curve represents a combination of both
How does metabolic rate relate to growth curve and body size?
Metabolic rate is often related to an organism’s growth curve and body size. Larger organisms tend to have higher metabolic rates compared to smaller organisms, and the growth curve can influence the rate at which metabolic rate changes with size.
what do signals and cue provide
Signals and cues provide organisms with information about their changing environments
what are the 2 types of environmental changes
1) biotic- non living factors
2) abiotic- living factors
what are the 6 types of signals
chemical
electricity
light
magnetic
mechanical
sound
what is a chemical signal
- There must be a physical interaction between a chemical like pheromone and a receptors
- These are specific
There must be a receptor molecule
what is an electrical signal
- Works well in aquatic environments because electricity is more easily transported through water then air
- A shark can detect the location of a fish when it is trapped in an agar chamber (gives off electricity)
Sharks detect the electrical current
what is a light signal
· The ability to see something
· Being able to see something clear has relations to an organisms eye
· The bigger the eyes the better the eyesight=positive correlation
Different species have different eyesight
