Evolution And Diversity Flashcards
What are two ways to reproduce
Asexual and sexual
What is sexual reproduction
A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of one haploid gamete with another to create a diploid zygote
what is asexual reproduction
a mode of reproduction where an organism can replicate itself without another organism
how many kingdoms is asexual reproduction found in
6 kingdoms
how many kingdoms is sexual reproduction found in
4 kingdoms
what are the advantages of sexual reproduction
what are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction
- takes a lot of energy
- need to find a partner
- requires more time
- generally much slower
what are the advantages of asexual reproduction
- only requires one parent
- takes less times
- population can increase rapidly
what are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction
no genetic diversity
what are the 5 types of asexual reproduction
- fission
- binary fission
- budding
- fragmentation
- vegetative propagation
- parthogenesis
what are the 2 types of sexual reproduction
- internal
- external
what is fission
when one parent divides into equal parts parts
there is binary= one other budd
mutiple when there is more then one budd
what is buding
when one parent cell or organism divides into 2 or more unequal parts
what is fragmentation
when fragments of an organism can break off and become a new organism
what is vegetative propagation
when a new plant can grow from part of a parent plant when planted in soil
what is parthogenesis
when an unfertilised egg develops into an individual
what is internal fertilisation and what are the positives and negatives
Internal fertilization is the process of fertilization that occurs inside the body of an individual
negatives- less number of off-srping produced at a given time
positives- it protects the egg from dehydration on land and predation
what is external fertilization, and what is the positives and negatives
list an example
when an organism shoots their gametes onto the body of another organism
positive: lots of gametes are produced
negative: limited control over where gametes go, low success rate
frogs do this
what is oviparous
when an organism lays eggs
what is the positives of oviparous
the egg protect the embryo and allows water to be retained
what is viviparous
when an organism gives birth to live young
- embryo develops internally, and mother provides nutrients and antibodies to the embryo
what is respiration
Reparation is the process by which an organism exchanges gases between themselves and the environment
what are the 2 types of fermentation
- latic acid
- ethanol fermentation