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Anaphy > SENSES > Flashcards

SENSES Flashcards

1
Q

state the 2 Basic Groups of Senses

A

General Senses
Special Senses

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2
Q

State the general senses

A
  • Somatic senses
  • Visceral senses
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3
Q

provide information about various internal organs primarily involving pain and pressure

A

Visceral senses

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4
Q

provide sensory information about the body and the environment

A

Somatic senses

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4
Q

State some examples of special senses

A
  • Smell (olfaction)
  • Taste
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Balance
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5
Q

State some examples of General senses: SOMATIC

A

Touch
Pain
Pressure
Temperature
Proprioception

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5
Q

State some examples of General senses: VISCERAL

A

Pain
Pressure

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6
Q

general senses located in skin, muscles, joints

A

Somatic

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6
Q

general senses located in internal organs

A

visceral

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6
Q

sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

SENSORY RECEPTORS

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7
Q

respond to mechanical stimuli, such as the bending or stretching of
receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

respond to chemicals
* For example, odor molecules bind to chemoreceptors, allowing us to perceive smell

A

Chemoreceptors

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9
Q

respond to light

A

Photoreceptors

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10
Q

respond to temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

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10
Q

respond to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain

A

Nociceptors

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11
Q

GENERAL SENSES

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Temperature
  • Vibration
  • Itch
  • Proprioception
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11
Q

state the touch receptors

A
  • Merkel disks
  • Hair follicle receptors
  • Meissner corpuscles
  • Ruffini corpuscles
  • Pacinian corpuscles
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12
Q

light touch and superficial pressure

A

Merkel disks

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13
Q

associated with hairs; involved in detecting light touch (not very
discriminative)

A

Hair follicle receptors

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13
Q

continuous pressure in the skin

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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14
Q

fine, discriminative touch and are located just deep to the epidermis

very specific in localizing tactile sensations

A

Meissner corpuscles

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15
Q

deepest receptors; associated with tendons and joints

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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15
Q

relay information concerning deep pressure, vibration, and body position (proprioception)

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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16
Q

Group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences

A

Pain

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16
Q

Perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus

A

Referred Pain

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17
Q

Referred Pain is most commonly sensed when?

A

when deeper structures, such as internal organs, are damaged or inflamed

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18
Q

Smell (olfaction)

A

chemoreceptors

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19
Q

taste

A

chemoreceptors

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20
Q

vision

A

photoreceptors

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21
Q

hearing

A

mechanoreceptors

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22
Q

Balance

A

mechanoreceptors

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23
Q

sensory structures that detect taste stimuli

located on the surface of the tongue (papillae)

A

Taste Buds

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24
Q

State the 5 Basic Type of Taste sensations

A
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Bitter
  • Sweet
  • Umami (savory)
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24
Q

Taste sensations are carried to the brain by three cranial nerves. State them

A
  • Facial nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
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25
Q

anterior two-thirds of the tongue

A

Facial nerve

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25
Q

posterior one-third

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

26
Q

root of the tongue

A

Vagus nerve

27
Q

Eyes are housed within ???

A

bony cavities called orbits

28
Q

Accessory Structures of the Eye

A
  • Eyebrows
  • Eyelids
  • Conjunctiva
  • Lacrimal apparatus
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
28
Q

Visual system includes the ?

A

eyes

accessory structures

sensory neurons

29
Q

protect, lubricate, and move the eye

A

Accessory Structures of the Eye

29
Q

protect the eyes by preventing perspiration from running down the forehead and into the eyes, causing irritation. They also help shade the eyes from direct sunlight

A

eyebrows

29
Q

associated lashes, protect the eyes from foreign objects

helps keep the eyes lubricated by spreading tears over the surfaces

A

eyelids

30
Q

a thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye

helps lubricate the surface of the eye

A

Conjunctiva

31
Q

parts of the Lacrimal Apparatus

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Nasolacrimal duct
32
Q

situated in the superior lateral corner of the orbit; produce tears

A

Lacrimal gland

33
Q

hollow, fluid-filled sphere

A

Eyeball

34
Q

The wall of the eyeball is composed of ____ tissue layers, or _____

A

three tissue layers, or tunics

35
Q

Responsible for the movement of each eyeball

A

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

35
Q

Fibrous Tunic COMPONENTS

A

Sclera
Cornea

36
Q

Firm, white, outer connective tissue layer of the posterior fibrous tunic

A

Sclera

37
Q

maintains the shape of the eye

Protects the internal structures, and provides attachment sites
for the extrinsic eye muscles

A

Sclera

38
Q

Transparent anterior portion of the eye and Permits light to enter

A

Cornea

39
Q

Middle layer of the eye and contains most of the blood vessels of the eye

A

Vascular Tunic

40
Q

Vascular Tunic is composed of

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

41
Q

The posterior portion of the vascular tunic

A

Choroid

42
Q

contains smooth muscles called ciliary muscles, which attach to
the perimeter of the lens by suspensory ligaments

A

Ciliary body

43
Q

colored part of the eye; contractile structure consisting mainly of smooth muscle surrounding an opening (pupil)

A

Iris

44
Q

innermost layer and consists of the retina

A

Nervous Tunic

45
Q

the Nervous Tunic is composed of

A

Retina

46
Q

covers the posterior five-sixths of the eye and is composed of two layers

  • Outer pigmented retina
  • Inner sensory retina
A

Retina

46
Q

With the choroid, keeps light from reflecting back into the eye

A

Outer pigmented retina

47
Q

function in dim light because they are very sensitive; do not provide color vision

A

Rods

47
Q

Contains photoreceptor cells and numerous interneurons

A

Inner sensory retina

48
Q

require much more light; provide color vision

(blue, green, or red)

A

Cones

49
Q

center of the macula
* part of the retina where light is most focused Optic disc

  • contains only cone cells
A

Fovea centralis

49
Q

small spot near the center of the posterior retina

A

Macula

49
Q

“Blind spot of the eye”

A

Optic disc

50
Q

White spot just medial to the macula through which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina

  • Contains no photoreceptor cells and does not respond to light
A

Optic disc

50
Q

Absence of perception of one or more of perception of one or more color

A

Color blindness

51
Q

Misalignment of the two eyes and results from weakness of the muscles moving the eyes

A

Diplopia/ double vision

52
Q

The organs of hearing and balance are located in the ____

A

ears

53
Q

Three areas of the ear

A
  • External ear
  • Middle ear
  • Inner ear
54
Q

part extending from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

External ear

55
Q

air-filled chamber medial to the tympanic membrane

A

middle ear

56
Q

set of fluid-filled chambers medial to the middle ear

A

inner ear

57
Q

external ear is composed of

A

Auricle
Tympanic membrane

58
Q

fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head

collects sound waves and directs them toward the external auditory canal

A

Auricle

59
Q
  • Eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the external ear
    from the middle ear
  • Sound waves reaching the tympanic membrane cause it to vibrate
A

The tympanic membrane

60
Q

bony labyrinth can be divided into three regions:

A

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals

61
Q

Process of hearing involves two major steps, state them

A
  • Conduction of sound waves
  • Stimulation of hearing receptors
62
Q

The senses of hearing and balance are both transmitted by the ________ nerve (_____)

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

62
Q

Balance/Equilibrium has two components, state each

A
  • Static equilibrium
  • Dynamic equilibrium
63
Q

associated with the semicircular canals; involved in evaluating changes in the direction and rate of head movements

A

Dynamic equilibrium

63
Q

associated with the vestibule; involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity

A

Static equilibrium

64
Q

infection of eyelash hair follicle

A

stye

65
Q

nearsightedness

A

Myopia

66
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

67
Q
A

Anaphy (8 decks)

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