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Anaphy > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  • Receiving sensory input
  • Integrating information
  • Controlling muscles and glands
  • Maintaining homeostasis
  • Establishing and maintaining mental activity
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1
Q

State the divisions of the nervous system

A

Central
Peripheral

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2
Q

Parts of the central nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal Cord

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3
Q

Parts of the Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves
Ganglia

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3
Q

from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

Sensory division

*this is from the Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

carry out different activities that enhance neuron function and maintain normal conditions within nervous tissue

A

Glial cells

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3
Q

state the cells of the nervous system

A

Neurons (nerve cells)
Glial cells
Dendrites
Axon

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3
Q

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

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3
Q

short, branching cytoplasmic extensions and receive information from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

from the CNS to effector organs

A

Motor division

*this is from the Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

single long cell process extending from the neuron cell body

A

Axon

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4
Q

____ of sensory neurons conduct action potentials towards the CNS, and axons of motor neurons conduct action potentials away from the CNS

A

Axons

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5
Q

State all the types of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

A

Astrocytes

Ependymal cells

Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

major supporting cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

line the fluid-filled cavities

A

Ependymal cells

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7
Q

act as immune cells of the CNS

A

Microglia

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7
Q

provide an insulating material that surrounds axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

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7
Q

State the types of Glial Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • Schwann Cells
  • Satellite Cells
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7
Q

provide insulating material around axons

A

Schwann cells

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8
Q

provide support and nutrition to the neurons

A

Satellite Cells

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8
Q

gaps in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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8
Q

specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neurons

A

Myelin Sheaths

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8
Q

lack the myelin sheaths

A

Unmyelinated axons

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9
Q

a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ

A

Synapse

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10
Q

The nerves of the PNS can be divided into _____ groups:

___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves

A

The nerves of the PNS can be divided into two (2) groups:

12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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11
Q

Extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra

A

Spinal Cord

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12
Q

Involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus

A

Reflexes

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13
Q

basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest, simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response.

A

Reflex Arc

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14
Q

occurs when muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them

A

Knee-Jerk Reflex

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15
Q

connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain

A

Brainstem

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16
Q

the brainstem controls what?

A

heart rate
blood pressure
breathing

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17
Q
A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

The brainstem is consists of how many parts? State each.

A

consists of 3 parts:

  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
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19
Q

the most inferior portion of the brainstem

A

Medulla Oblongata

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19
Q

Medulla Oblongata regulates what

A

heart rate and blood vessel diameter

breathing
swallowing
vomiting
coughing
sneezing
balance
coordination

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19
Q

Pons contains what

A

ascending and descending nerve tracts, as well as several nuclei

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19
Q

Pons control functions for?

A

breathing
swallowing
balance chewing
salivation

19
Q

Immediately superior to the medulla oblongata

A

Pons

19
Q

Lies superior to the pons and is the smallest region of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

19
Q

Attached to the brainstem by several large connections called cerebellar peduncles

A

Cerebellum

19
Q

the midbrain contains _________ involved in regulating general body movements

A

substantia nigra

20
Q

The Cerebellum is attached to the brainstem by several large connections called _______________

A

cerebellar peduncles

20
Q

Part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

20
Q

involved in coordinating eye movements and controlling pupil diameter and lens shape

A

Midbrain

21
Q

state the three parts of Diencephalon

A
  • Thalamus
  • Epithalamus
  • Hypothalamus
22
Q

the largest part of the diencephalon.

A

Thalamus

23
Q

Thalamus is consist of

A

consists of a cluster of nuclei

24
Q

small area superior and posterior to the thalamus

A

Epithalamus

24
Q

the THALAMUS influences

A

mood and registers an unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain

25
Q

Consists of a few small nuclei, involved in the emotional and visceral response to odors, and the pineal gland.

A

Epithalamus

26
Q

an endocrine gland that may influence the onset of puberty

A

Pineal gland

27
Q

most inferior part of the diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

contains several small nuclei that are very important in maintaining homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

The Hypothalamus controls

A

body temperature, hunger, and thirst

sexual pleasure, rage, fear, and relaxation after a meal

29
Q

The largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

30
Q

the cerebrum is divided into

A

divided into left and right hemispheres

31
Q

state all the types of lobes

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe

32
Q

important in the control of voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression, mood, and olfactory reception.

A

Frontal lobe

33
Q

sensory information (touch, pain, temperature, and balance)

A

Parietal lobe

34
Q

receiving and perceiving visual input

A

Occipital lobe

34
Q

olfactory (smell) and auditory (hearing) sensations and plays an important role in memory.

A

Temporal lobe

35
Q

connective tissue membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

36
Q

Layers of Meninges

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
37
Q

most superficial and thickest of the meninges

A

dura mater

38
Q

space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is the subdural space

A

arachnoid mater

38
Q

second meningeal membrane

A

arachnoid mater

39
Q

third meningeal membrane

A

pia mater

39
Q

space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains blood vessels.

A

Subarachnoid space

40
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid is produced by

A

choroid plexuses

41
Q

provides a protective cushion around the CNS

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

42
Q

Blockage of the openings in the fourth ventricle or the cerebral aqueduct

A

Hydrocephalus

43
Q

are a set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain; send electrical signals

A

CRANIAL NERVES

44
Q

CRANIAL NERVES are designated by

A

designated by Roman numerals from I to XII

45
Q

state the two general categories of cranial nerve function

A

Sensory
Motor

46
Q

Sensory Functions

A

vision, touch and pain in the face.

46
Q

State the motor functions

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic

46
Q

innervate skeletal muscles in the head
and neck

A

Somatic Motor

47
Q

innervate glands, smooth muscle throughout the body, and cardiac muscle of the heart.

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q
A
48
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A
50
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM is composed of

A

sympathetic division
parasympathetic division

52
Q

“Rest-and-digest”; stimulates involuntary activities of the body at rest

A
52
Q

“Fight-or-flight”; prepares the body for physical activity

A

sympathetic division

52
Q

Autonomic Nervous System functions are largely controlled _____

A

unconsciously

53
Q
A
54
Q
A

Anaphy (8 decks)

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