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Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

A mediated transport process by which transport proteins mediate or assist the movement of large, water-soluble molecules or electrically charge molecules.

A

Facilitated Transport

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3
Q

“within the cell” -ingest substances

A

Endocytosis

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4
Q

“out of cell” - eject substances

A

Exocytosis

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5
Q

What are the three phases of interphase?

A
  1. G1
  2. S
  3. G2
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6
Q

In this phase, Centrioles move to the opposite side; it also shortens and nagkakaroon ng condensation ang ating chromosomes

A

Prophase

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7
Q

Name the six disorders of cell structures

A

Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Neoplasia
Hypoxia

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8
Q

decrease in size/no growth in size

A

Atrophy

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9
Q

Increase in cellular size

A

Hypertrophy

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10
Q

increase in number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

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11
Q

ability to change into another type of cell

A

Metaplasia

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12
Q

changes in cell structure

A

Neoplasia

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13
Q

decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood flow to cellular structure

A

Hypoxia

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14
Q

what occurs in the Cytokinesis of animals

A

a cleavage furrow appears in the plasma membrane

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15
Q

what occurs in the Cytokinesis of plants

A

new cell wall formation is triggered at the center of the cell by the formation of the cell plate.

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16
Q

Is the process of separation of the nuclear chromosome into two identical daughter nuclei.

A

Mitosis

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17
Q

What are the four key phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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18
Q

in this phase, chromosome are aligned at the or near the center

A

Metaphase

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19
Q

in this phase, chromatids splits wherein they are being pulled out in opposite directions

A

Anaphase

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20
Q

in this phase, chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles and nuclear envelope reforms

A

Telophase

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21
Q

in this phase of interphase, cell metabolism occurs;cell prepares for replication

A

G1

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22
Q

this phase of interphase is responsible the synthesis or replication of DNA

A

S

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23
Q

in this interphase phase, duplication occurs

A

G2

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24
Q

Name the three types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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25
Q

cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

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26
Q

cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

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27
Q

Receptor attach/accepts the specific molecules so that it could be bought inside the cell

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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28
Q

Also known as cotransport which refers to the movement of two different ion/molecules in the same direction across plasma membrane

A

Symport

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29
Q

also known as the countertransport which refers to the movement of two different ions/molecules in opposite

A

Antiport

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30
Q

the ability of you solution to change shape or tone of cells by changing water volume

A

Tonicity

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31
Q

equal concentration solutes

A

Isotonic

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32
Q

Higher concentration of solutes

A

Hypertonic

ex. IV Fluid

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33
Q

Lower concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

ex. NSS (Normal Saline Solution)

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34
Q

⬆Concentration of Solute and ⬆ Osmotic Pressure

A

Hyperosmotic

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35
Q

⬇Concentration of Solute and ⬇Osmotic Pressure

A

Hyposmotic

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36
Q

Same concentration of solute and Osmotic Pressure

A

Isosmotic

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37
Q

Movement of solutes from a high concentration to lower concentration

38
Q

Solvent gumagalaw; from low concentration of water to high concentration of water.

39
Q

the resistance of water to pass through concentrated solution

A

osmotic pressure

40
Q

generally compose one or more substance that we called solutes

41
Q

are dissolved in predominant liquid or gas

42
Q

liquid or gas

43
Q

the universal solvent

44
Q

Cell does NOT expend metabolic energy (ATP)

A

Passive Transport

45
Q

Energy (ATP) is needed.
Move molecules against concentration gradient from LOW to HIGH concentration

A

Active Transport

46
Q

State the examples of Passive Transport

A

Diffusion (solute)
Osmosis (water)
Facilitated Diffusion (solute)

47
Q

it is the fluid outside the cell which is rich, nutritious “soup” - amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, wastes

A

Interstitial Fluid

48
Q

this determines the entrance and exit of some substances

A

Selectively permeable

49
Q

Name the Three (3) Transport proteins

A

Channel
Carrier
ATP power pumps)

50
Q

this channel is always open especially if the plasma membrane is at rest

51
Q

Types of channels

A

Leak Ion
Gated Ion

52
Q

this channel opens and closes upon the entrance of a specific ion or molecule

53
Q

Name the two (2) Attachment proteins

A

Cadherins & Integrins

54
Q

Increase the rate of chemical reactions

A

Enzymes (Catalyst)

55
Q

attachment of molecule or cell to cell

56
Q

attachment of cell to extracellular material

57
Q

Protein molecules are classified into two, name them.

A

Peripheral
Integral

58
Q

proteins on the surface of plasma membrane

A

Peripheral

59
Q

proteins that is deeply integrated with plasma membrane

60
Q

Why are the heads of the phospholipids on the outside of the membrane?

A

The head “loves” water (hydrophilic) and the tails “hate” water (hydrophobic).

61
Q

the currently accepted model for the structure of the plasma membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

62
Q

responsible for cell regulation or self recognition; responsible for the attachment or bind to other cells.

A

Glycoproteins

63
Q

the collection of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outer surface of plasma membrane

A

Glycocalyx

64
Q

responsible for the stability and cell to cell communication (Bilayer)

A

Glycolipids

65
Q

Act as a membrane channel; regulates ions

66
Q

forms lipid barrier that would separate the substances inside and outside of the cell.

A

Phospholipid

67
Q

gives the strength and flexibility

A

Cholesterol

68
Q

substance inside the cell

A

INTRACELLULAR

68
Q

substance outside the cells

A

EXTRACELLULAR

69
Q

PISO

A

Potassium In, Sodium Out

70
Q

It is the outermost component of cells that is made out of phospholipid molecules

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

71
Q

Increases surface area of certain cells for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptor

A

MICROVILLI

72
Q

Significance with the structure and stability of the cell that why its support cytoplasm

A

MICROTUBULE

73
Q

used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell

74
Q

used to move an entire cell; responsible for the movement of the cell
Ex. Sperm

75
Q

Facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

A

CENTRIOLES

76
Q

Powerhouse of the cell
Site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis

A

MITOCHONDRION/Mitochondria

77
Q

Contains enzymes that digest material taken into the cell

78
Q

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the Golgi apparatus; secreted by exocytosis

A

SECRETORY VESICLES

79
Q

Modifies protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

80
Q

Site for protein

80
Q

Site of lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification
Storage of calcium

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

81
Q

Contains genetic material of the cell (DNA) and nucleoli; site of RNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

82
Q

Defined as the smallest, basic unit of lids that is responsible for all of life’s processes

83
Q

who discover the cell in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

84
Q

what are the two types of cell based on cellular structure

A

Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

85
Q

Cell division: binary fission
No organelle
Large cells

A

Prokaryotes

86
Q

Cell division: mitosis
Presence of organelle
Small cells

A

Eukaryotes

87
Q

No nucleus; it has a nucleoid (the region where your genetic material is freely suspended)
Single-celled microorganism (ex. Archaebacteria and cyanobacteria)
Cell size: 0.1 to 0.5 um (in diameter)
DNA or RNA
Generally reproduce via binary fission

A

Prokaryotic Cell

88
Q

True nucleus
Multicellular organism
Size: 10-100 um (in diameter)
Plants, fungi, protozoans, and animals
Plasma membrane can be seen
Mitosis

A

Eukaryotic cell

Anaphy (9 decks)

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