DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
system which performs the vital task of transforming food into chemicals that cell can absorb and use for energy
digestive system
study of digestive tract and diagnosis & treatment of its diseases
gastroenterology
digestive system is consist of
digestive tract and accessory organs
digestive tract is also known as
alimentary tract or gastrointestinal tract
a tube extending from the mouth to the anus
digestive tract
primarily glands that secrete fluids into the digestive tract
accessory organs
list all that come under the digestive tract
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
pharynx
mouth
esophagus
list all that come under accessory organs
Liver
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Gallbladder
intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach
ingestion
normal route of ingestion
oral cavity
process by which teeth chew food in the mouth
mastication
start of the mechanical digestion in the process of digestion
mastication
movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other
propulsion
total time it takes for food to travel whole length of digestive tract
24-36 hours
three categories under propulsion
swallowing (deglutition)
peristalsis
mass movements
voluntary movement of bolus from oral cavity to esophagus
swallowing
mixture of masticated food and salivary enzymes
bolus
muscular contractions that propels materials through most of the digestive tract
peristalsis
movement that produces peristalsis
peristaltic waves
contractions that move material in some parts of the large intestine to the anus
mass movements
functions of the digestive system
ingestion
mastication
propulsion
mixing
secretion
digestion
absorption
elimination
these are added to help lubricate, liquify, buffer and digest food as it moves in the digestive tract
secretion
function of mucus
lubricate food and lining of tract
protect epithelial cells of the digestive tract from mechanical abrasion
breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts
digestion
this type of digestion involves mastication and mixing of food via peristaltic waves
mechanical digestion
this type of digestion is accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the digestive tract
chemical digestion
movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or into the lymphatic vessels
absorption
process by which waste products of digestion are removed from the body
elimination
semisolid wastes
feces
feces are eliminated through the process of
defecation
innermost layer of digestive system
mucosa
the four layers of the digestive tract
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
three layers of mucosa are
outer: thin layer of smooth muscle (muscularis mucosae)
middle: loose connective tissue (lamina propria)
inner: mucous epithelium
this layer of the digestive tract is for the secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones
mucosa
