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AnaPhy > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

ability to perceive stimuli

A

sense

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2
Q

conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons

A

sensation

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3
Q

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

sensory receptors

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4
Q

receptors over large part of body that sense touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and itch

A

general senses

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5
Q

provide information about body and
environment

A

somatic

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6
Q

provide information about internal organs

A

visceral

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7
Q

smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance

A

special senses

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8
Q

types of receptors

A
  1. mechanoreceptors- detect movement
  2. chemoreceptors- chemicals
  3. photoreceptors- light
  4. thermoreceptors- temperature changes
  5. nociceptors- pain
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9
Q

type of touch receptors that detect light and pressure

A

merkel’s disk

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10
Q

detect light touch

A

hair follicle receptors

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11
Q

• deep in epidermis
• localizing tactile sensations

A

meissner corpuscle

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12
Q

• deep tactile receptors
• detects continuous pressure in skin

A

ruffini corpuscle

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13
Q

• deepest receptors
• associated with tendons and joints
• detect deep pressure, vibration, position

A

pacinian corpuscle

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14
Q

an unpleasant perceptual and emotional
experience

A

pain

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15
Q

• sharp, pricking, cutting pain
• rapid action potential

A

localized

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16
Q

• burning, aching pain
• slower action potentials

A

diffuse

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17
Q

action potentials suppressed from pain

A

local anesthesia

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18
Q

loss of consciousness

A

general anethesia

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19
Q

originates in a region that is not source of pain
stimulus

A

referred pain

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20
Q

sense of smell

A

olfaction

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21
Q

we can detected ______ different smells

A

10,000

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22
Q

sensory structures that detect taste

A

taste buds

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23
Q

Inside each taste bud are __________ taste cells

A

40

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24
Q

5 types of taste

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

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25
Q

Accessory Structure of vision that protects from sweat and shade from sun

A

eyebrow

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26
Q

• protects from foreign objects
• lubricates by blinking

A

eyelid/eyelashes

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27
Q

• thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid

A

conjunctiva

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28
Q

• produces tears

A

lacrimal apparatus

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29
Q

• help move eyeball

A

extrinsic eye muscles

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30
Q

Outermost Tunic

A

Fibrous tunic

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31
Q

middle tunic

A

vascular tunic

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32
Q

innermost tunic

A

nervous tunic

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33
Q

part of fibrous tunic that is firm, white outer part which helps maintain eye shape, provides attachment sites, protects internal structures

A

sclera

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34
Q

part of fibrous tunic which is the transparent structure that covers iris and pupil; allows light to enter and focuses light

A

cornea

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35
Q

this tunic Contains blood supply

A

vascular tunic

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36
Q

• black part (melanin)
• delivers O2 and nutrients to retina

A

choroid

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37
Q

• helps hold lens in place

A

Ciliary body

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38
Q

• flexible disk
• focuses light onto retina

A

lens

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39
Q

• colored part
• surrounds and regulates pupil

A

Iris

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40
Q

• regulates amount of light entering

A

pupil

41
Q

lots of light = __________
little light = __________

A

constricted
dilated

42
Q

covers posterior 5/6 of eye

A

retina

43
Q

• outer layer of retina that keeps light from reflecting back in eye

A

pigmented retina

44
Q

• contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
• contains interneurons

A

Sensory retina

45
Q

In sensory rtina, this is a photoreceptor that is sensitive to light and can function in dim light

A

rods

46
Q

in sensory retina, this is a photoreceptor that provide color vision

A

cones

47
Q

photosensitive pigment in rod cells

A

rhodopsin

48
Q

colorless protein in rhodopsin

A

opsin

49
Q

yellow pigment in rhodopsin which also requires vitamin A

A

retinal

50
Q

small spot near center of retina

A

macula

51
Q

center of macula where light is focused when looking directly at an object. It is only cones with ability to discriminate fine images

A

fovea centralis

52
Q

called blind spot without photoreceptors. it is a white spot medial to macula.

A

optic disk

53
Q

what are the chambers of eye?

A

anterior chamber, posterior, and vitreous

54
Q

___________ helps maintain pressure, refracts
light, and provide nutrients to inner surface of eye

A

aqueous humor

55
Q

___________ helps maintain pressure, holds lens and retina in place, refracts light

A

vitreous humor

56
Q

located between cornea and lens

A

anterior chamber

57
Q

located behind anterior chamber

A

posterior chamber

58
Q

located in retina region. filled with vitreous humor

A

vitreous chamber

59
Q

jelly-like substance

A

vitreous humor

60
Q

The __________ allows light into the eye, which is focused by the cornea, lens, and humors onto
the retina.

A

iris

61
Q

two important processes in establishing vision.

A

Light refraction and image focusing

62
Q

Bending of light

A

light refraction

63
Q

point where light rays converge and object is inverted

A

focal point

64
Q

• lens becomes less rounded and image can be
focused on retina
• enables eye to focus on images closer than 20 feet

A

accommodation

65
Q

leaves eye and exits orbit through optic foramen to enter cranial cavity

A

optic nerve

66
Q

where 2 optic nerves connect

A

optic chiasm

67
Q

route of ganglion axons

A

optic tracts

68
Q

• nearsightedness
• image is in front of retina

A

myopia

69
Q

• farsightedness
• image is behind retina

A

Hyperopia

70
Q

• lens becomes less elastic
• reading glasses required

A

presbyopia

71
Q

• irregular curvature of lens
• glasses or contacts required to correct

A

astigmatism

72
Q

• absence or deficient cones
• primarily in males

A

color blindness

73
Q

• increased pressure in eye
• can lead to blindness

A

glaucoma

74
Q

fleshy part on outside of ear

A

auricle

75
Q

canal that leads to eardrum

A

External auditory meatus

76
Q

eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

77
Q

Air filled chamber with ossicles

A

middle ear

78
Q

bone attached to tympanic membrane

A

malleus (hammer)

79
Q

bone that connects malleus to stapes

A

incus (anvil)

80
Q

bone located at base of oval window

A

stapes (stirrup)

81
Q

separates middle and inner ear

A

oval window

82
Q

tunnels filled with fluid in inner ear

A

bony labyrinth

83
Q

• inside bony labyrinth
• filled with endolymph

A

membranous labyrinth

84
Q

clear fluid in membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

85
Q

fluid between membranous and bony labyrinth

A

perilymph

86
Q

snail-shell shaped structure where hearing takes place

A

cochlea

87
Q

attached to sensory neurons that when bent produce
an action potential

A

hair cells

88
Q

in cochlear duct which contains hair cells

A

spiral organ

89
Q

in cochlea which vibrates against hair cells

A

tectorial membrane

90
Q

wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala
vestibuli

A

vestibular membrane

91
Q

wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala
tympani

A

basilar membrane

92
Q

evaluates position of head relative to gravity

A

static equilibrium

93
Q

evaluates changes in direction and rate of head movement

A

dynamic equilibrium

94
Q

in inner ear which contains utricle and saccule

A

vestibule

95
Q

specialized patches of epithelium in utricle and
saccule surround by endolymph

A

maculae

96
Q

gelatinous substance that moves in response to gravity

A

otoliths

97
Q

a dynamic equilibrium which sense movement in any direction

A

semicircular canals

98
Q

base of semicircular canal

A

ampulla

99
Q

gelatinous mass that contains microvilli. it is a float that is displaced by endolymph movement

A

cupula

AnaPhy (7 decks)

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