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Senses Flashcards

1
Q

ability to perceive stimuli

A

sense

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2
Q

conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons

A

sensation

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3
Q

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli by developing action potentials

A

sensory receptors

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4
Q

receptors over large part of body that sense touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and itch

A

general senses

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5
Q

provide information about body and
environment

A

somatic

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6
Q

provide information about internal organs

A

visceral

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7
Q

smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance

A

special senses

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8
Q

types of receptors

A
  1. mechanoreceptors- detect movement
  2. chemoreceptors- chemicals
  3. photoreceptors- light
  4. thermoreceptors- temperature changes
  5. nociceptors- pain
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9
Q

type of touch receptors that detect light and pressure

A

merkel’s disk

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10
Q

detect light touch

A

hair follicle receptors

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11
Q

• deep in epidermis
• localizing tactile sensations

A

meissner corpuscle

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12
Q

• deep tactile receptors
• detects continuous pressure in skin

A

ruffini corpuscle

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13
Q

• deepest receptors
• associated with tendons and joints
• detect deep pressure, vibration, position

A

pacinian corpuscle

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14
Q

an unpleasant perceptual and emotional
experience

A

pain

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15
Q

• sharp, pricking, cutting pain
• rapid action potential

A

localized

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16
Q

• burning, aching pain
• slower action potentials

A

diffuse

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17
Q

action potentials suppressed from pain

A

local anesthesia

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18
Q

loss of consciousness

A

general anethesia

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19
Q

originates in a region that is not source of pain
stimulus

A

referred pain

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20
Q

sense of smell

A

olfaction

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21
Q

we can detected ______ different smells

A

10,000

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22
Q

sensory structures that detect taste

A

taste buds

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23
Q

Inside each taste bud are __________ taste cells

A

40

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24
Q

5 types of taste

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

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25
Accessory Structure of vision that protects from sweat and shade from sun
eyebrow
26
• protects from foreign objects • lubricates by blinking
eyelid/eyelashes
27
• thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid
conjunctiva
28
• produces tears
lacrimal apparatus
29
• help move eyeball
extrinsic eye muscles
30
Outermost Tunic
Fibrous tunic
31
middle tunic
vascular tunic
32
innermost tunic
nervous tunic
33
part of fibrous tunic that is firm, white outer part which helps maintain eye shape, provides attachment sites, protects internal structures
sclera
34
part of fibrous tunic which is the transparent structure that covers iris and pupil; allows light to enter and focuses light
cornea
35
this tunic Contains blood supply
vascular tunic
36
• black part (melanin) • delivers O2 and nutrients to retina
choroid
37
• helps hold lens in place
Ciliary body
38
• flexible disk • focuses light onto retina
lens
39
• colored part • surrounds and regulates pupil
Iris
40
• regulates amount of light entering
pupil
41
lots of light = __________ little light = __________
constricted dilated
42
covers posterior 5/6 of eye
retina
43
• outer layer of retina that keeps light from reflecting back in eye
pigmented retina
44
• contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) • contains interneurons
Sensory retina
45
In sensory rtina, this is a photoreceptor that is sensitive to light and can function in dim light
rods
46
in sensory retina, this is a photoreceptor that provide color vision
cones
47
photosensitive pigment in rod cells
rhodopsin
48
colorless protein in rhodopsin
opsin
49
yellow pigment in rhodopsin which also requires vitamin A
retinal
50
small spot near center of retina
macula
51
center of macula where light is focused when looking directly at an object. It is only cones with ability to discriminate fine images
fovea centralis
52
called blind spot without photoreceptors. it is a white spot medial to macula.
optic disk
53
what are the chambers of eye?
anterior chamber, posterior, and vitreous
54
___________ helps maintain pressure, refracts light, and provide nutrients to inner surface of eye
aqueous humor
55
___________ helps maintain pressure, holds lens and retina in place, refracts light
vitreous humor
56
located between cornea and lens
anterior chamber
57
located behind anterior chamber
posterior chamber
58
located in retina region. filled with vitreous humor
vitreous chamber
59
jelly-like substance
vitreous humor
60
The __________ allows light into the eye, which is focused by the cornea, lens, and humors onto the retina.
iris
61
two important processes in establishing vision.
Light refraction and image focusing
62
Bending of light
light refraction
63
point where light rays converge and object is inverted
focal point
64
• lens becomes less rounded and image can be focused on retina • enables eye to focus on images closer than 20 feet
accommodation
65
leaves eye and exits orbit through optic foramen to enter cranial cavity
optic nerve
66
where 2 optic nerves connect
optic chiasm
67
route of ganglion axons
optic tracts
68
• nearsightedness • image is in front of retina
myopia
69
• farsightedness • image is behind retina
Hyperopia
70
• lens becomes less elastic • reading glasses required
presbyopia
71
• irregular curvature of lens • glasses or contacts required to correct
astigmatism
72
• absence or deficient cones • primarily in males
color blindness
73
• increased pressure in eye • can lead to blindness
glaucoma
74
fleshy part on outside of ear
auricle
75
canal that leads to eardrum
External auditory meatus
76
eardrum
tympanic membrane
77
Air filled chamber with ossicles
middle ear
78
bone attached to tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
79
bone that connects malleus to stapes
incus (anvil)
80
bone located at base of oval window
stapes (stirrup)
81
separates middle and inner ear
oval window
82
tunnels filled with fluid in inner ear
bony labyrinth
83
• inside bony labyrinth • filled with endolymph
membranous labyrinth
84
clear fluid in membranous labyrinth
endolymph
85
fluid between membranous and bony labyrinth
perilymph
86
snail-shell shaped structure where hearing takes place
cochlea
87
attached to sensory neurons that when bent produce an action potential
hair cells
88
in cochlear duct which contains hair cells
spiral organ
89
in cochlea which vibrates against hair cells
tectorial membrane
90
wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala vestibuli
vestibular membrane
91
wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala tympani
basilar membrane
92
evaluates position of head relative to gravity
static equilibrium
93
evaluates changes in direction and rate of head movement
dynamic equilibrium
94
in inner ear which contains utricle and saccule
vestibule
95
specialized patches of epithelium in utricle and saccule surround by endolymph
maculae
96
gelatinous substance that moves in response to gravity
otoliths
97
a dynamic equilibrium which sense movement in any direction
semicircular canals
98
base of semicircular canal
ampulla
99
gelatinous mass that contains microvilli. it is a float that is displaced by endolymph movement
cupula

AnaPhy (7 decks)

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