Endocrine System Flashcards
The two hormones released from the posterior
pituitary are ______________
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
oxytocin
This hormone in anterior pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones,
muscles, and organs
growth hormone
Anterior Pituitary hormone that regulates thyroid gland secretions
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
An anterior pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation and progesterone production
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) for females
An anterior pituitary hormone that is responsible for sperm production and testosterone
Luteinizing hormone for males
anterior pituitary hormone for follicle maturation and estrogen secretion
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone for females
Ta r g e t t i s s u e : s e m i n i fe r o u s t u b u l e s ( t e s t e s )
- Function: sperm production
FSH for males
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m a m m a r y g l a n d s a n d o v a r i e s
• Functions: milk production
prolactin
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m e l a n o c y t e s i n t h e s k i n
• Functions: stimulate melanin production in
melanocytes
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : c e l l s o f a d r e n a l c o r t e x
• Functions: stimulate production of certain
corticosteroids
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : k i d n e y s
• Functions: conserve water
• Abnormalities: Diabetes insipidus
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Target tissues: uterus
• Functions: increases uterine contractions during labor
Oxytocin
One of largest glands. Requires iodine to function
thyroid gland
What does thyroid gland secretes?
thyroid hormone and calcitonin
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: regulates metabolic rates and is needed for growth
Thyroid hormones secreted by follicular cells
• Target tissues: bone and some other tissues
• Function: reduces blood calcium level when high
Calcitonin secreted by parafollicular cells
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : b o n e s a n d k i d n e y s
• Functions: regulates blood Ca2+ levels (more than
calcitonin)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Inner part of adnrenal gland
adrenal medulla
outer part of adrenal gland
adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla hormone
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Adrenal cortex hormone:
Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : heart, blood vessels, liver, fat cells
• Functions: released as part of fight or flight response
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Type of mineralocorticoids
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : k i d n e y s
• Functions: causes Na+ and H2O to be retained and K+ to be
secreted, indirectly involved with blood pressure and
blood volume
Aldosterone
Type of glucocorticoids
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: increases breakdown of fat and
• protein for energy uses reduces inflammatory and
immune responses
Cortisol
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions:
• Males: secondary sexual characteristics
• Females: sex drive
Androgens
The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes
________.
digestive enzymes
The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of
________________, which are dispersed throughout the exocrine portion of the pancreas.
pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
Alpha cells secrete
glucagon
beta cells secrete
insulin
delta cells secrete
somatostatin
Target tissues: liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
• Functions:
• regulates blood glucose levels
• after a meal glucose levels are high and insulin is secreted
• extra glucose is stored in form of glycogen
insulin
too little insulin or faulty insulin receptors
Diabetes mellitus
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : l i v e r
• Function:
• regulates blood glucose levels
• between meals glucose levels drop and glucagon is secreted
• glucagon allows glycogen to be broken down into glucose
Glucagon
T a r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: aids in sperm and reproductive
organ development and function
Testosterone
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: involved in uterine and mammary gland
development and menstrual cycle
Estrogen/Progesterone
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : i m m u n e s y s t e m t i s s u e s
• Functions: promotes immune system development
and function
Thymosin
Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : h y p o t h a l a m u s
Functions: plays a role in onset of puberty and
controls circadian rhythms. Light affects its
function.
Melatonin
