Endocrine System Flashcards by eumj Unknown

The two hormones released from the posterior
pituitary are ______________

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and
oxytocin

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This hormone in anterior pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones,
muscles, and organs

growth hormone

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Anterior Pituitary hormone that regulates thyroid gland secretions

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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An anterior pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation and progesterone production

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) for females

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An anterior pituitary hormone that is responsible for sperm production and testosterone

Luteinizing hormone for males

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anterior pituitary hormone for follicle maturation and estrogen secretion

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone for females

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Ta r g e t t i s s u e : s e m i n i fe r o u s t u b u l e s ( t e s t e s )
- Function: sperm production

FSH for males

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Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m a m m a r y g l a n d s a n d o v a r i e s
• Functions: milk production

prolactin

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Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m e l a n o c y t e s i n t h e s k i n
• Functions: stimulate melanin production in
melanocytes

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

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Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : c e l l s o f a d r e n a l c o r t e x
• Functions: stimulate production of certain
corticosteroids

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

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Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : k i d n e y s
• Functions: conserve water
• Abnormalities: Diabetes insipidus

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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Target tissues: uterus
• Functions: increases uterine contractions during labor

Oxytocin

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One of largest glands. Requires iodine to function

thyroid gland

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What does thyroid gland secretes?

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

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• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: regulates metabolic rates and is needed for growth

Thyroid hormones secreted by follicular cells

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• Target tissues: bone and some other tissues
• Function: reduces blood calcium level when high

Calcitonin secreted by parafollicular cells

• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : b o n e s a n d k i d n e y s
• Functions: regulates blood Ca2+ levels (more than
calcitonin)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Inner part of adnrenal gland

adrenal medulla

outer part of adrenal gland

adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla hormone

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex hormone:

Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : heart, blood vessels, liver, fat cells
• Functions: released as part of fight or flight response

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Type of mineralocorticoids
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : k i d n e y s
• Functions: causes Na+ and H2O to be retained and K+ to be
secreted, indirectly involved with blood pressure and
blood volume

Aldosterone

Type of glucocorticoids
• Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t
• Functions: increases breakdown of fat and
• protein for energy uses reduces inflammatory and
immune responses

Cortisol

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t • Functions: • Males: secondary sexual characteristics • Females: sex drive

Androgens

The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes ________.

digestive enzymes

The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of ________________, which are dispersed throughout the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

Alpha cells secrete

glucagon

beta cells secrete

insulin

delta cells secrete

somatostatin

Target tissues: liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue • Functions: • regulates blood glucose levels • after a meal glucose levels are high and insulin is secreted • extra glucose is stored in form of glycogen

insulin

too little insulin or faulty insulin receptors

Diabetes mellitus

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : l i v e r • Function: • regulates blood glucose levels • between meals glucose levels drop and glucagon is secreted • glucagon allows glycogen to be broken down into glucose

Glucagon

T a r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t • Functions: aids in sperm and reproductive organ development and function

Testosterone

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : m o s t • Functions: involved in uterine and mammary gland development and menstrual cycle

Estrogen/Progesterone

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : i m m u n e s y s t e m t i s s u e s • Functions: promotes immune system development and function

Thymosin

Ta r g e t t i s s u e s : h y p o t h a l a m u s Functions: plays a role in onset of puberty and controls circadian rhythms. Light affects its function.

Melatonin