Cells

Question 1

specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

Answer 1

organelles

Question 2

jelly-like substance that holds organelles

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

a structure that encloses the cytoplasm

Answer 3

cell membrane/plasma membrane

Question 4

the outermost component of a cell.

Answer 4

cell membrane or plasma membrane

Question 5

Materials inside the cell are ____________

Answer 5

intracellular

Question 6

Materials outside the cell are __________

Answer 6

extracellular

Question 7

The _______________ is the model used to
describe the cell membrane structure.

Answer 7

fluid-mosaic model

Question 8

the membrane contains ____________

Answer 8

phospholipids,
cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 9

What are the 2 regions of phospholipids?

Answer 9

polar and nonpolar

Question 10

Waht transport does not require
the cell to expend energy?

Answer 10

Passive membrane transport

Question 11

What transport does require the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Answer 11

Active membrane transport

Question 12

Passive membrane transport mechanisms
include

Answer 12

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated
diffusion

Question 13

Active membrane transport mechanisms include

Answer 13

active transport, secondary active transport,
endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Question 14

Diffusion generally involves movement of substances in
a solution down a _________________

Answer 14

concentration gradient.

Question 15

solution is generally composed of two major parts which is

Answer 15

solute and solvent

Question 16

Solutes are substances dissolved in a predominant liquid or gas, which is called the

Answer 16

solvent

Question 17

This movement from high concentration to a low
concentration is _____________

Answer 17

diffusion

Question 18

______________ can diffuse directly
through the phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 18

Lipid soluble substances

Question 19

_______________ such as ions, can
diffuse across the cell membrane only by
passing through cell membrane channels.

Answer 19

Water-soluble substances

Question 20

Two classes of cell membrane channels include

Answer 20

leak channels and gated channels

Question 21

channel that constantly allow ions to pass
through

Answer 21

leak channels

Question 22

channel that limit the movement of ions
across the membrane by opening and closing

Answer 22

gated channels

Question 23

the diffusion of water (a solvent)
across a selectively permeable membrane from
a region of higher water concentration to one of
lower water concentration

Answer 23

osmosis

Question 24

Osmosis exerts a pressure, termed ______________, which is the force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

Answer 24

osmotic pressure

Question 25

solution that has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 25

hypotonic

Question 26

If the cell swells enough, it can rupture, a process called

Answer 26

lysis

Question 27

cell immersed in an_______ solution has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell. The cell will neither shrink nor swell.

Answer 27

isotonic solution

Question 28

The cytoplasm of a cell in a ___________ solution has a lower solute concentration and higher water concentration than the surrounding solution.

Answer 28

hypertonic solution

Question 29

Water moves by osmosis from the cell into the hypertonic solution, resulting in cell shrinkage, or ______________.

Answer 29

crenation

Question 30

What water-soluble, electrically charged or large sized particles cannot enter or leave through the cell membrane by diffusion?

Answer 30

amino acids, glucose, and some polar molecules produced by the cell

Question 31

___________ are proteins within the cell membrane involved in carrier-mediated transport.

Answer 31

Carrier molecules

Question 32

Carrier-mediated transport mechanisms include _______ & _________

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion and Active transport.

Question 33

What moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient?

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

What transport uses the energy provided by a concentration gradient established by the active transport of one substance, such as Na+ to transport other substances?

Answer 34

secondary active transport

Question 35

What is a large organelle usually located near the center of the cell.

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

nucleus is bounded by a __________, which consists of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them

Answer 36

nuclear envelope

Question 37

nuclear membrane contains ______________, through which materials can pass into or out of the nucleus.

Answer 37

nuclear pores

Question 38

nuclear membrane contains ______________, through which materials can pass into or out of the nucleus.

Answer 38

nuclear pores

Question 39

nuclei of human cells contain ______ pairs of chromosomes which consist of DNA and proteins.

Answer 39

23

Question 40

During most of a cell’s life, the chromosomes are loosely coiled and collectively called _______

Answer 40

chromatin

Question 41

_______ is a diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane. that are found within the nucleus

Answer 41

nucleolus

Question 42

Ribosome components are produced in the ________

Answer 42

nucleolus

Question 43

the organelles where proteins are produced

Answer 43

ribosomes

Question 44

Ribosomes that are not attached to any other organelle are called

Answer 44

free ribosomes