Human Organism

Question 1

investigates body structure

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

investigates processes and functions

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

studies human organism

Answer 3

human physiology

Question 4

studies body organ-systems

Answer 4

systemic physiology

Question 5

studies body cells

Answer 5

cellular physiology

Question 6

studies body region

Answer 6

regional anatomy

Question 7

studies external features

Answer 7

surface anatomy

Question 8

using technologies (MRI, X-Rays, Ultrasound)

Answer 8

Anatomical Imaging

Question 9

smallest level ; atoms, molecules, chemical bonds

Answer 9

chemical

Question 10

basic units of life

Answer 10

cell

Question 11

compartments and organelles ; mitochondria, nucleus

Answer 11

Cellular

Question 12

group of cells with similar function and structures

Answer 12

tissues

Question 13

two or more tissue types acting together to perform function

Answer 13

organs

Question 14

group of organs

Answer 14

organ-system

Question 15

all organ systems working together which includes associated microorganisms such as
intestinal bacteria

Answer 15

Organism

Question 16

functional interrelationships between parts

Answer 16

organization

Question 17

sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism. ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes

Answer 17

Metabolism

Question 18

• ability to sense and respond to environmental changes
• includes both internal and external environments

Answer 18

responsiveness

Question 19

can increase in size * size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials

Answer 19

Growth

Question 20

changes in form and size * changes in cell structure and function from
generalized to specialized—differentiation

Answer 20

development

Question 21

• formation of new cells or new organisms
• generation of new individuals
• tissue repair

Answer 21

reproduction

Question 22

maintenance of constant internal environment despite
fluctuations in the external or internal environment

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

measures of body properties that may change in value

Answer 23

variables

Question 24

normal extent of increase or decrease
around a set point

Answer 24

normal range

Question 25

normal, or average value of a variable

Answer 25

set point

Question 26

the main mechanism used homeostatic regulation.

Answer 26

negative feedback

Question 27

A negative feedback involves: __________ of deviation away from set point

Answer 27

detection

Question 28

reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range

Answer 28

correction

Question 29

detects changes in variable

Answer 29

receptor

Question 30

- receives receptor signal - establishes set point - sends signal to effector

Answer 30

control center

Question 31

directly causes change in variable

Answer 31

effector

Question 32

mechanisms that occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response

Answer 32

Positive feedback mechanisms

Question 33

person standing erect with face and palms forward

Answer 33

anatomical position

Question 34

above

Answer 34

superior

Question 35

below

Answer 35

inferior

Question 36

front (also: ventral)

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

back (also: dorsal)

Answer 37

posterior

Question 38

close to midline

Answer 38

medial

Question 39

away from midline

Answer 39

lateral

Question 40

close to point of attachment

Answer 40

proximal

Question 41

far from point of attachment

Answer 41

distal

Question 42

structure close to the surface

Answer 42

superficial

Question 43

structure toward the interior of the body

Answer 43

deep

Question 44

separates the body into right and left parts

Answer 44

sagittal plane

Question 45

a sagittal plane along the midline that divides body into equal left and right halves

Answer 45

median plane

Question 46

a horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

Answer 46

transverse plane

Question 47

a vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Answer 47

frontal plane

Question 48

upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand

Answer 48

upper limb

Question 49

thigh, lower leg, ankle, foot

Answer 49

lower limbs

Question 50

head, neck, trunk

Answer 50

central region

Question 51

- space within chest wall and diaphragm - contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea

Answer 51

thoracic cavity

Question 52

- space between lungs - contains heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea

Answer 52

mediastinum

Question 53

- space between diaphragm and pelvis - contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

Answer 53

abdominal cavity

Question 54

- space within pelvis - contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine

Answer 54

pelvic cavity

Question 55

serous membrane that covers organs

Answer 55

visceral serous membrane

Question 56

serous membrane that is the outer membrane

Answer 56

parietal serous membrane

Question 57

a fluid-filled space between the membranes

Answer 57

cavity

Question 58

Pericardium membrane

Answer 58

around heart

Question 59

pleura membrane

Answer 59

around lungs

Question 60

peritoneum membrane

Answer 60

around abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

Question 61

pericardium that covers heart

Answer 61

visceral pericardium

Question 62

thick, fibrous pericardiun

Answer 62

parietal pericardium

Question 63

pericardium that reduces friction

Answer 63

pericardial cavity

Question 64

pleura that covers lungs

Answer 64

visceral pleua

Question 65

pleura that lines inner wall of thorax

Answer 65

parietal pleura

Question 66

pleura that reduces friction and adheres lungs to thoracic wall

Answer 66

pleural cavity

Question 67

- covers, anchors organs - double layers called mesenteries

Answer 67

visceral peritoneum

Question 68

peritonuem that lines inner wall of abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 68

parietal peritoneum

Question 69

reduces friction

Answer 69

peritoneal cavity