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Kaplan Psychology/Sociology > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats the white part of the eye called

A

the sclera

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2
Q

When entering the eye, light first passes through ___

A

The cornea - it gathers and focuses the incoming light

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3
Q

The iris is composed of 2 muscles:

the dilator pupillae and the constrictor pupillae

How do they function

A

Dilator responds to sympathetic - it opens the pupil

constrictor responds to parasymp - it constricts the pupil

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4
Q

What is accommodation in vision

A

The ciliary muscles (under parasymp control) pull the suspensory ligamets and changes the shape of the lens.

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5
Q

Does the aqueous or vitreous humor lye behind the lens

A

Vitreous humor

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6
Q

Which part of the retina contains the highest density of cones?

A

The macula has a high density of cones. In the center of the macula (called the fovea) contains ONLY CONES

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7
Q

Which cells are important for edge detection, as they increase our perception of contrast?

A

Amacrine and horizontal cells

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8
Q

From BOTH EYES, the left visual field projects ______

The right visual field projects ____

A

Left projects to right hemisphere

Right projects to left hemisphere

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9
Q

Which visual portion of the brain responds as a reflex?

A

Superior colliculus

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10
Q

What is the ability to simultaneously analyze and combine info regarding color, shape, and motion

A

Parallel processing

Feature detection - detects color shape or motion

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11
Q

Shape is detected by what cells

A

Parvocellular cells

They have high spatial resolution –> permit us to see very fine detail

can only work with slow moving objects because they have a low temporal resolution

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12
Q

Motion is detected by which cells

A

Magnocellular

high temporal resolution

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13
Q

The external auditory canal directs sound waves to _____

A

the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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14
Q

Ear vibration occurs where?

A

in the tympanic membrane - it vibrates in phase with incoming sound waves

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15
Q

In the tympanic membrane, louder sounds have a greater INTENSITY which corresponds to ____

A

an increased amplitude of the vibration

Higher rate vibrations - higher frequency

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16
Q

______ help transmit and amplify the vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

A

ossicles (Hammer –> anvil –> stirrup)

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17
Q

____ helps equalize pressure between the middle ear and the environment

A

Estachian tube

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18
Q

list the 3 parts of the inner ear

A

cochlea

vestibule

semicircular canals

19
Q

What is endolymph filled with

A

potassium

20
Q

_______ fluid transmits vibrations from the outside world and cushions the inner ear structure

A

perilymph

21
Q

The middle portion of the cochlea houses the actual hearing apparatus:

A

the organ of corti

22
Q

What does the organ of corti rest on?

A

the basilar membrane

23
Q

what is the organ of corti composed of

A

thousands of hair cells which are bathed in endolymph

24
Q

sound entering the cochlea through the oval window causes ______________, which are transmitted to the _________.

the hair cells do what?

A

causes vibrations in the perilymph transmittted to the basilar membrane

hair cells convert sound into electrical stimulus

25
Q

which part of the brain localizes sound

A

superior olive

26
Q

which part of the brain is involved in auditory reflex

A

inferior colliculus

27
Q

what is place theory

A

SOUND

the location of the hair cell on the basilar membrane determines the pitch when that hair cell has been vibrated

Highest frequency pitches causes vibrations on the basilar membrane very close to the oval window

Low frequency pitches cause vibrations away from the oval window

This means the cochlea is tonotopically organized

28
Q

what is a two point threshold

A

the min distances necessary between 2 points of stimulation on the skin such that the points will be felt as 2 distinct stimuli

29
Q

Which receptor responds to pressure and vibration

A

pacinian corpuscles

30
Q

which receptor responds to light touch

A

meissner corpuscles

31
Q

which receptor responds to deep pressure and texture

A

merkel cells

32
Q

which receptors respond to pain and temperture

A

free nerve endings

33
Q

whats the gate theory of pain

A

theres a special gating mechanism that can turn pain signals on or off affecting if we even perceive the pain

34
Q

kinesthetic sense (proprioception) is what

A

refers to the ability to tell where ones body is in space

35
Q

a weight lifter is able to tell the diff between 100 and 125 lbs. according to webers law, the lifter would notice a difference between:

A) 125 and 150 lbs

B) 5 and 6 lbs

C) 25 and 35 lbs

D) 225 and 275 lbs

A

C) 25 and 35 lbs

36
Q

a man is at a party with his wife. theres loud music in the background and the location is croweded. while listening to the music he hears what he believes to be his wifes laughter and turns around to investigate. the man is using:

A) feature detection

B) Bottom up

C) vestibular sense

D) signal detection

A

D) signal detection

37
Q

Which sensory receptors send signals in response to tissue damage

A) chemoreceptors

B) nociceptors

C) osmoreceptors

D) photoreceptors

A

B) nociceptors

38
Q

which part of the eye is responsible for gathering and focusing light

A) cornea

B) pupil

C) iris

D) retina

A

A) cornea

39
Q

A man is looking for change to do laundry. he decides to look under the seats of his car. he uses a flashlight and is able to see wrappers and papers, but the man sees the glint of silver from an object laying flat and determines it to be a coin. to make this determination, this man used:

A) signal detection

B) sensory adaptation

C) feature detection

D) kinesthetic sense

A

C) feature detection

40
Q

Which part of the eye are images projected and transduced into electric signals

A) cornea

B) pupil

C) retina

D) lens

A

C) retina

41
Q

the ability to sense stimuli against ones own skin is

A) somatosensation

B) kinesthetic sense

C) vestibular sense

D) chemoreception

A

A) somatosensation

42
Q

Endolymph is found in the _______ labyrinth, whereas perilymph is found in the _______ labyrinth

A

Membraneous

Bony

43
Q

A person proofreading a paper over a long, mis-spelled word in which an E is replaced with an O. the person doesnt recognize the error. Why?

A) parallel processing

B) feature detection

C) top down

D) bottom up

A

C) top down

44
Q

A patient comes in with a tumor of the pituitary gland, which grows upward into the optic chiasm and causes a visual field defect. the most likely defect from compression of the optic chiasm is

A) complete blindness in one eye

B) loss of upper visual fields in both eyes

C) loss of nasal visual fields in both eyes

D) loss of temporal visual fields in both eyes

A

D) loss of temporal visual fields in both eyes

Kaplan Psychology/Sociology (6 decks)

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