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Kaplan Psychology/Sociology > Identity & Personality > Flashcards

Identity & Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

____ is a self given label that carries with it a set of qualities

A

self-schema

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2
Q

_____ is defined as being both masculine and femanine

A

androgyny

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3
Q

__________, hold that key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

A

gender schema

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4
Q

What is the self discrepancy theory?

A

there are 3 components to ourselves

  1. actual self - who we present to society and who we currently see ourselves as
  2. Ideal self - who we want to be
  3. ough self - who we should be based off what others think
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5
Q

what is self-efficiency?

A

is our belief in our ability to succeed

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6
Q

What is this phenomena?

Dogs stopped trying to escape shocks and acted as if they were helpless to avoid the pain of the experience

A

learned helplessness

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7
Q

_______ locus of control is when we view ourselfs as controlling our own fate

A

internal

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8
Q

______ locus of control feel that the events in their lives are caused by luck or outside influencers

A

external

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9
Q

What is freuds term libido

A

sex drive

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10
Q

What is fixation according to freud?

A

when a child is frustrated during development

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11
Q

in response to the anxiety caused by fixation, the child forms a personality pattern based on a particular stage, which persists into adulthood as a functional mental disorder known as a ______

A

neurosis

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12
Q

What are the 5 stages of freuds psychosexual development

A
  1. Oral (0-1): centers in the mouth
  2. Anal (1-3): centers at the anus
  3. Phallic (3 to 5): oedipal conflict (son envys father)
  4. Latency (5 to puberty): libido sublimated
  5. Genital: begins at puberty
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13
Q

What happens if fixation occurs at the oral stage?

A

excessive dependency

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14
Q

What happens if fixation occurs in anal stage?

A

leads to excessive orderliness or messiness

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15
Q

Eriksons

trust vs mistrust

A

ages 0-1

trusting environment as well as himself

if not, they will be suspicious of the world

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16
Q

Eriksons

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1 to 3 years

is it okay to be me?

if not: external locus of control and doubt

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17
Q

Eriksons

initiative vs guilt

A

3 to 6 years

sense of purpose and to be able to initiate activities

if not, they make overcompensate by showing off

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18
Q

Eriksons

industry vs inferiority

A

ages 6 to 12 yrs

feel competent

“can i make it in the world?”

if not, low self esteem

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19
Q

Eriksons

identity vs role confusion

A

12 to 20 yrs

who am i?

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20
Q

Eriksons

intimacy vs isolation

A

ages 20 to 40 yrs

can i love?

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21
Q

Eriksons

generativity vs stagnation

A

40 to 65 years

was the individual capable of making a difference in society

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22
Q

Eriksons

integrity vs despair

A

65 and up

was their life meaningful?

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23
Q

List Kohlbergs 3 moral reasonings for development

A

1. Preconventional (preadolescence)

Obedience (obey or get punished) and self interest (gaining rewards)

2. conventional (adolescence to adulthood)

conformity (seeks approval of others) and law/order

3. postconventional stage (adulthood if at all)

social contract and universal human ethics

social contract - moral rules desgiend for the greater good

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24
Q

What is vygotskys zone of proximal development?

A

that a child needs adult asistance to be successful

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25
Q

According to Freud, if a person is hungry and food is unavailable what happens?

A

Wish fulfillment occurs (fantasizing about food) to help relieve some of the tension caused by the pleasure principle of the ID

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26
Q

According to freud, what is the ID?

A

consists of all basic principles and inborn urges to survive and reproduce.

the ID functions to satisfy the pleasure principle (always wants immediate gratification to relieve any pent up tension). if the ID cannot give this immediately, it performs wish-fulfillments to buy some time until it can

the ID is completely UNCONSCIOUS

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27
Q

According to Freud, what is the EGO

A

The EGO activates or inhibits the ID. It is PRECONSCIOUS. (unconscious)

it takes into consideration the objective reality - reality principle.

the aim of the reality principle is to postpone the pleasure principle created by the ID until satisfaction can actually be obtained.

the EGO is the organizer of the mind.

28
Q

When stuck in traffic, according to freuds ID or EGO, which one may cause a desire to honk loudly at the cars in front of us? And which one lets us know that the action is unwise and that we should change the radio music to something calmer?

A

The ID would want us to honk

our EGO knows this is unwise

29
Q

according to freud, what is the SUPEREGO

A

its UNCONSCIOUS

always judging our actions

and responds with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures

the conscious is a collection of improper actions for which a child is punished

the ego-ideal is for when a child is rewarded

30
Q

Which defense mechanism corresponds to

“im not thinking about that right now”

A

supression

31
Q

what defense mechanism is repression

A

unconscious forgetting

32
Q

what defense mechanism is:

“i hate my parents” might actually mean “my parents hate me”

A

projection

33
Q

what defense mechanism is:

freud might say that pent up sex urges may be put into a drive for business success

A

sublimation

34
Q

what defense mechanism:

someone angry at her boss may hold her tongue at work but snap at her spouse when she gets home

A

displacement

35
Q

Important Jungian archetypes(emotional elements)

  1. persona -
  2. Anima-
  3. Animus-
  4. Shadow -
A
  1. persona - personality we show to the world
  2. Anima- the mans inner woman
  3. Animus- the womans inner man
  4. Shadow - unpleasant thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness
36
Q

what are the big 5 traits of personality?

A

OCEAN

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

37
Q

Which phenomena?

a hunter may have hunted to obtain food to eat. however, the hunter may continue even after there is enough food simply for the enjoyment of hunting

A

functional autonomy

38
Q

what is it called when people choose environments that suit their personalities, and their personalities determine how they will feel about and react to events in those environments

A

reciprocal determinism

39
Q

k1

A

B - related to self-esteem and how others see us. its not our self concept which is the sum of all the ways in which WE see ourselves

40
Q

K2

A

D

41
Q

K3

A

B

Because theres nothing in the Q to suggest this situation will change the students attitude in the short term, A and D can be eliminated

42
Q

K4

A

A

43
Q

K5

A

B

44
Q

K6

A

C

45
Q

K7

A

A

46
Q

K8

A

D

47
Q

K9

A

D

48
Q

K10

A

C

49
Q

K11

A

C

50
Q

K12

A

C

social cog theory states that peoples behaviors and traits shape their environmennts, which in turn have an effect of their identity

51
Q

K13

A

B - neuroticism is associated with high emotional arousal in stressful situations.

cons - a trait associated with being hardworking and organized instead of impulsive

Psych - high bc of rebel

extraversion - high bc social

52
Q

K14

A

A - its a defense mechanism that converts unnwanted feelings into their exact opposite

53
Q

K15

A

B - internal idealistic beliefs about the future

cardinal - traits around which one organizes his or her entire life

func. autonomy - when a behavior continues after the drive behind the behavior has ceased. this would be the answer if the person won the lotto but continued to buy tickets

unconditional pos regard - which the therapist believes in the internal good of the client and doesnt judge them negatively for any words (humanistic)

54
Q

Q1

A

C

55
Q

Q2

A

B

56
Q

Q3

A

A

57
Q

Q4

A

D

58
Q

Q5

A

D

59
Q

Q6

A

C

60
Q

Q7

A

A - refers to the way a person feels towards something

61
Q

Q8

A

D - focuses on superficial ideasm catchphrases, slogans, credibility

62
Q

Q9

A

B

63
Q

Q10

A

C

  • he not only changed his idea but he was socially open about it.

It would be identification if he wasnt socially open about it

64
Q

Q12

A

A

PERFORMED BETTER IN FRONT OF PEOPLE

65
Q

Q13

A

D

66
Q

Q14

A

B

Kaplan Psychology/Sociology (6 decks)

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