Sensation & Perception

Question 1

Sensation most similarly relates to what term?

Answer 1

Transduction

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Processing of information to make sense of its significance

Question 3

Absolute thrshold for normal human hearing?

Answer 3

10^-12 W/m^2

Question 4

Absolute threshold

Answer 4

Minimum stimulus energy that is needed activate a sensory system

Question 5

limina

Answer 5

threshold too subtle or brief for brain to fully process

Question 6

Threshold of conscious perception

Answer 6

Subliminal perception

Arrives at CNS but does not reach higher-order brain regions that control attention & consciousness

Question 7

Difference threshold

Answer 7

Minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli for one to perceive a difference

Question 8

jnd

Answer 8

Just noticeable difference

Question 9

What is the jnd for sound perception?

Answer 9

00.68%

Question 10

Weber’s Law

Answer 10

Constant ratio between the change in stimulus magnitude needed to produce a jnd and magnitude of original stimulus

Question 11

Signal detection theroy

Answer 11

Focuses on change in our perceptions of same stimuli depending on both internal & external context

Question 12

Response biase

Answer 12

Tendency of subjects to systematically respond to a stimulus in a particular way due to nonsensory factors

Question 13

Catch trial

Answer 13

A trial where a signal is presented

Question 14

Noise trails

Answer 14

Trial where a signal is not presented

Question 15

Correct negatives

Answer 15

Subject correctly identifies that no signal was given

Question 16

Sclera

Answer 16

Thick white layer of exposed portion of the eye

Question 17

What are the blood vessels to the eye?

Answer 17

Choroidal vessels

Retinal vessels

Question 18

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 18

infront of the iris

Question 19

Where is the posterior chamber of theeye?

Answer 19

Between iris & lens

Question 20

Choroid

Answer 20

Aqueous humor

Question 21

Where does aqueous humor drain into?

Answer 21

Canal of Schlemm

Question 22

Accomodation

Answer 22

Control of the lens to control refracting of light

Question 23

Duplexity theory of vision

Answer 23

Retina consists of rod & cone photoreceptors

Question 24

What pigment in rods allows sensation of light?

Answer 24

Rhodopsin

Question 25

What kind of receptors are contained in the fovea of the retina?

Answer 25

Cones

Question 26

Macula

Answer 26

Central section of the retina

Question 27

What do the rods & cones connect with?

Answer 27

Bipolar cells

Question 28

Optic chiasm

Answer 28

fibers from nasal half of each retina crosses paths

Question 29

Which optic tracts cross at the optic chiasm

Answer 29

Ones closest to nasal side

Question 30

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Answer 30

Thalamus | Recieves optic tracts from visual summation

Question 31

Parallel processing

Answer 31

Ability to simultaneously analyze & combine information regarding color, shape, and motion

Question 32

What cells detect shape

Answer 32

Parvocellular cells | Spatial resolution with slow/stationary objects- low temporal resolution

Question 33

What cells detect motion

Answer 33

Manocellular cells | High temporal resolution

Question 34

Which ossicle is attached to tympanic membrane?

Answer 34

Malleus/hammer

Question 35

What are the ossicles of the middle ear?

Answer 35

Malleus, incus, stapees

Question 36

What is the area of the middle ear called?

Answer 36

Eustachian tube

Question 37

Vestibule

Answer 37

Orientation in 3D space Linear acceleration sensitive Urticle & saccule

Question 38

Semicircular canals

Answer 38

Sensitive to rotational acceleration | Ampulla with hair cells

Question 39

Where is visual stimulus percepted in the thalamus?

Answer 39

Medial geniculate nucleus

Question 40

Somatosensation

Answer 40

Touch

Question 41

Which touch receptors respond to deep pressure

Answer 41

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 42

Which touch receptors respond to light pressure

Answer 42

Meissners corpuscles

Question 43

Physiological zero

Answer 43

Normal tempurature of the skin

Question 44

Gate theory of pain

Answer 44

Special gating mechanisms that turn pain signals on or off depending of whether or not they are percieved

Question 45

Propirioception

Answer 45

Ability to tell where you are in space

Question 46

Bottom up processing

Answer 46

Recognition by parallel processing/ feature detection

Question 47

Top down processing

Answer 47

Driven by memories & expectations to allow brain to recognize whole object & components - quick analyzation

Question 48

Perceptual organizaton

Answer 48

Ability to use top down & bottom up processes at the same time to create a complete picture

Question 49

Constancy

Answer 49

Idea that we perceive certain characteristics of object to remain the same despite differences

Question 50

Gestalt principles

Answer 50

Ways for brain to infer missing parts when the picture is incomplete

Question 51

Law of proximity

Answer 51

Elements close to one another tend to be perceived as a unit

Question 52

Law of similarity

Answer 52

Objects that are similar tend to be grouped together

Question 53

Law of good continuum

Answer 53

Elements that appear to follow in the same pathway tend to be grouped together Perceive continuous patterns rather than abrupt changes

Question 54

Subjective contours

Answer 54

Perceiving shapes not in the figure

Question 55

Law of closure

Answer 55

a space enclosed by a contour, perceived as a complete figure

Question 56

Law of pragnanz

Answer 56

Perceptual organization always be regular, simple & symmetric