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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Sensation most similarly relates to what term?

A

Transduction

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2
Q

Perception

A

Processing of information to make sense of its significance

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3
Q

Absolute thrshold for normal human hearing?

A

10^-12 W/m^2

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Minimum stimulus energy that is needed activate a sensory system

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5
Q

limina

A

threshold too subtle or brief for brain to fully process

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6
Q

Threshold of conscious perception

A

Subliminal perception

Arrives at CNS but does not reach higher-order brain regions that control attention & consciousness

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7
Q

Difference threshold

A

Minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli for one to perceive a difference

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8
Q

jnd

A

Just noticeable difference

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9
Q

What is the jnd for sound perception?

A

00.68%

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10
Q

Weber’s Law

A

Constant ratio between the change in stimulus magnitude needed to produce a jnd and magnitude of original stimulus

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11
Q

Signal detection theroy

A

Focuses on change in our perceptions of same stimuli depending on both internal & external context

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12
Q

Response biase

A

Tendency of subjects to systematically respond to a stimulus in a particular way due to nonsensory factors

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13
Q

Catch trial

A

A trial where a signal is presented

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14
Q

Noise trails

A

Trial where a signal is not presented

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15
Q

Correct negatives

A

Subject correctly identifies that no signal was given

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16
Q

Sclera

A

Thick white layer of exposed portion of the eye

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17
Q

What are the blood vessels to the eye?

A

Choroidal vessels

Retinal vessels

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18
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

infront of the iris

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19
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of theeye?

A

Between iris & lens

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20
Q

Choroid

A

Aqueous humor

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21
Q

Where does aqueous humor drain into?

A

Canal of Schlemm

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22
Q

Accomodation

A

Control of the lens to control refracting of light

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23
Q

Duplexity theory of vision

A

Retina consists of rod & cone photoreceptors

24
Q

What pigment in rods allows sensation of light?

A

Rhodopsin

25
Q

What kind of receptors are contained in the fovea of the retina?

A

Cones

26
Q

Macula

A

Central section of the retina

27
Q

What do the rods & cones connect with?

A

Bipolar cells

28
Q

Optic chiasm

A

fibers from nasal half of each retina crosses paths

29
Q

Which optic tracts cross at the optic chiasm

A

Ones closest to nasal side

30
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

A

Thalamus

Recieves optic tracts from visual summation

31
Q

Parallel processing

A

Ability to simultaneously analyze & combine information regarding color, shape, and motion

32
Q

What cells detect shape

A

Parvocellular cells

Spatial resolution with slow/stationary objects- low temporal resolution

33
Q

What cells detect motion

A

Manocellular cells

High temporal resolution

34
Q

Which ossicle is attached to tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus/hammer

35
Q

What are the ossicles of the middle ear?

A

Malleus, incus, stapees

36
Q

What is the area of the middle ear called?

A

Eustachian tube

37
Q

Vestibule

A

Orientation in 3D space
Linear acceleration sensitive
Urticle & saccule

38
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Sensitive to rotational acceleration

Ampulla with hair cells

39
Q

Where is visual stimulus percepted in the thalamus?

A

Medial geniculate nucleus

40
Q

Somatosensation

A

Touch

41
Q

Which touch receptors respond to deep pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles

42
Q

Which touch receptors respond to light pressure

A

Meissners corpuscles

43
Q

Physiological zero

A

Normal tempurature of the skin

44
Q

Gate theory of pain

A

Special gating mechanisms that turn pain signals on or off depending of whether or not they are percieved

45
Q

Propirioception

A

Ability to tell where you are in space

46
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Recognition by parallel processing/ feature detection

47
Q

Top down processing

A

Driven by memories & expectations to allow brain to recognize whole object & components - quick analyzation

48
Q

Perceptual organizaton

A

Ability to use top down & bottom up processes at the same time to create a complete picture

49
Q

Constancy

A

Idea that we perceive certain characteristics of object to remain the same despite differences

50
Q

Gestalt principles

A

Ways for brain to infer missing parts when the picture is incomplete

51
Q

Law of proximity

A

Elements close to one another tend to be perceived as a unit

52
Q

Law of similarity

A

Objects that are similar tend to be grouped together

53
Q

Law of good continuum

A

Elements that appear to follow in the same pathway tend to be grouped together
Perceive continuous patterns rather than abrupt changes

54
Q

Subjective contours

A

Perceiving shapes not in the figure

55
Q

Law of closure

A

a space enclosed by a contour, perceived as a complete figure

56
Q

Law of pragnanz

A

Perceptual organization always be regular, simple & symmetric

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (6 decks)

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