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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Biomedical approach

A

Symptom reduction of biomedical disturbances

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Biological, social, psychological components to an individual’s disorder

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3
Q

Indirect therapy

A

Increase social support by educating and empowering family and friends of affected individuals

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder with symptoms for at least 6 months

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5
Q

Psychotic disorder

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, negative symptoms

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6
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behaviors

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7
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Absence of normal or desired behavior

Disturbance of affect and avolition

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8
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs discordant with reality and not shared by others in the individual’s culture that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary

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9
Q

Delusions of reference

A

Involve belief that common elements in environment are directed toward the individual

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10
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

Belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated against, plotted against, or threatened

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11
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

Belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way

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12
Q

Thought of broadcasting

A

Belief that one’s thoughts are broadcast directly from one’s head

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13
Q

Thought insertion

A

Belief thoughts are being placed in one’s head

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14
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality (hearing voices)

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15
Q

Disorganized thought

A

Loosening of associations- cannot follow association
Word salad stringing of words
Neologisms-inventing new words

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16
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

Inability to carry out activities of daily living

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17
Q

Cataonia

A

Certain motor behaviors characteristic of a schizophrenic person

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18
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating another’s words

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19
Q

Echophraxia

A

Imitating another’s actions

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20
Q

Disturbance of affect

A

Blunting-Reduced intensity of affect expression
Flat affect- no emotional expression
Inappropriate affect- Affect is clearly discordant with the content of individual’s speech

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21
Q

Avolition

A

Decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions

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22
Q

Prodromal phase

A

Schizophrenic stage before diagnosis of poor adjustment-clear evidence of deterioration
Followed by active stage of symptomatic behavior

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23
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Mood disorder of at least one major depressive episode

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24
Q

Major depressive episode

A

Period of at least two weeks with at least five of symptoms

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25
Q

Major depressive episode symptoms: SIG E. CAPS

A 
Sadness +
Sleep
Interest (anhedonia)
Guilt
Energy
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor symptoms
Suicidal thoughts
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26
Q

Persistant depressive disorder

A

Dysthymia- depressed mood that’s not criteria of major depressive episode

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27
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset

Bright light therapy

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28
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Depression and mania

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29
Q

Manic episodes

A

Abnormal and persistently elevated mood lasting at least one week with at least: increased distractibility, decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, racing thoughts, increased goal-directed behavior, pressured speech or high risk behavior

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30
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

Manic episodes with or without major depressive episodes

31
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

Hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

32
Q

Hypomania

A

No impairment to functioning, but more energetic and optimistic

33
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Combination of hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia not severe enough to be depressive episodes

34
Q

Symptoms of Manic episodes (DIG FAST)

A 
Distractible
Inomnia
Grandiosity 
Flight of ideas
Agitation
Speech
Thoughtlessness
35
Q

Monoamine/Catecholamine theory of depression

A

Too much norepinephrine and serotonin lead to mania

Too little leads to depression

36
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things

37
Q

Specific phobia

A

Anxiety produced by specific objects of situations

38
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Anxiety due to social situations

39
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in a place or in situation where it might be hard to escape

40
Q

Panic disorder

A

Fear and apprehension, trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, and sense of unreality

41
Q

OCD

A

Obsessions-persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses

Compulsions-Repetitive tasks that relieve tension but causes significant impairment in a person’s life

42
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Person has an unrealistic negative evaluation of his or her personal apperance and attractiveness

43
Q

PTSD

A

Instrusion symptoms, avoidance symptoms, negative cognitive symptoms, and arousal symptoms

44
Q

Intrusion symptoms

A

Recurrent reliving of the event, flashbacks, nightmare, prolonged distress

45
Q

Avoidance symptoms

A

Deliberate attempts to avoid memories, people, places, activities, objects associated with trauma

46
Q

Negative cognitive symptoms

A

Inability to recall key features of event, distance feeling from others, persistent negative view of the world

47
Q

Arousal symptoms

A

Increased startle response, irritability, anxiety, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbance

48
Q

Acute stress disorder

A

Symptoms but less than for one month

49
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

Person avoids stress by escaping from his identity

50
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Inability to recall past experiences linked to trauma
Dissociative fuge-sudden,unexprected move or purposeless wandering from home
Confusion of identity

51
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a person’s behavior and identity components fail to integrate

52
Q

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

Individuals feel detached from their own mind/body and surroundings

53
Q

Somatic(bodily) symptom disorder

A

Have at least one somatic symptom that can be linked to an underlying medical condition and has concern about seriousness, time, and anxiety

54
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Characterized by being consumed with thoughts about having or developing a serious medical condition

55
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Unexplained symptoms affecting vountary motor or sensory functions (Blindness, paralysis)

56
Q

Personality disorder

A

Pattern of behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive causing distress or impaired functioning in at least 2: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, impulse control

57
Q

Ego-syntonic

A

Individual perceives behavior as correct, normal or in harmony with goal

58
Q

Ego-dystonic

A

Individual sees illness as thrust upon them and is intrusive and bothersome

59
Q

Cluster A personality disorder (Weird)

A

Paranoid, Schizotypal, Schizoid

60
Q

Cluster B personality disorder (Wild)

A

Antisocial, boderline, histrionic, narcissistic

61
Q

Cluster C personality disorder (Worried)

A

Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

62
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Pattern odd or eccentric thinking

63
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

64
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Pattern of disregard for and violations of rights of others

65
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Pervasive instability interpersonal behavior , mood, and self-image
Fear abandonment and split people into all good or all bad

66
Q

HIstronic personality disorder

A

Constant attention-seeking behavior

67
Q

Narcissitic personality disorder

A

Grandiose sense of self-importance, feeling of entitlement

68
Q

OCPD

A

perfectionist and inflexible, like rules and order

69
Q

Schizophrenia neurotransmitter

A

Excess dopamine in brain

Partially inherited

70
Q

Depressive disorder markers

A

High glucose metabolism in amygdala
Hippocampal atrophy after long duration of illness
High levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol)`

71
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Dementia with gradual memory loss, disorientation, problems with abstract thought, misplacement of things, personality change, poor judgement, loss of initiative

72
Q

Biological factors of Alzheimer’s

A 
Diffuse atrophy of brain
Flattened sulci
Enlarged cerebral ventricles
Deficient blood flow to parietal lobes
Reduced ACh
Senile plaques of B-amyloid
Reduced metabolism in temporal and parietal lobe
73
Q

Symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Loss of dopamine to control basal ganglia
Bradykinesia
Resting tremor
Pill-rolling tremor
Masklike facies (statitc and expresionless facial features)
Cogwheel rigidity (muscle tension intermittently halts movement)
Shuffling gait

74
Q

Bipolar disorder increased what hormone?

A

Seratonin

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (6 decks)

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