Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Identity and personality > Flashcards

Identity and personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Self-schema

A

Self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identity

A

Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Self-concept v. identity

A

self-concept is all-encompassing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gender identity

A

Person’s appraisal of him or herself on scales of masculinity or femininity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Androgyny

A

State of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Undifferentiated

A

Lowly masculine or feminine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethnic identity

A

One’s ethnic group in which members typically share a common ancestry, heritage, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nationality

A

Based on political borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

Identities organized in a way that the situation dictates which identity holds most importance at any given moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

Each of us has three selves
Ideal self
Actual self
Ought self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ought self

A

Representation of how others think we should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The closer to one self is to another in self-discrepancy theory, the more:

A

Self-esteem we have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Our belief in our ability to succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Depression that cannot be changed until out of the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Locus of control

A

The way we characterize influences in our lives
Internal-control their own future
External-luck or outside forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drive did Freud believe humans were driven to reduce?

A

Libido

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fixation

A

When a child is overly indulged or frustrated during a stage of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neurosis

A

Personality formation from anxiety caused in fixation during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Oral stage

A

0 to 1

Gratification by putting things in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anal stage

A

1 to 3

Gratification at anus and toilet training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phallic/Oedipal stage

A

3 to 5

Fears castration of father bc of envy for mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Latency

A

Lasts until puberty

After libido is sublimated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Genital stage

A

Puberty through adulthood

Should enter healthy homosexual relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stages of Erk Erikson’s Stages of Personality

A 
Trust v. mistrust
Autonomy v. shame and doubt
Initiative v. guilt
Industry v. inferiority 
Identity v. role confusion
Intimacy v. isolation
Generativity v. stagnation
Integrity v. despair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Trust v. mistrust

A

0 to 1

Child trusts environment and himself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Autonomy v. shame and doubt

A

1 to 3

Exert control over world and exercise choice and self-restraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Initiative v. guilt

A

3 to 6

Purpose, initiate activities, or enjoy accomplishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Industry v. inferiority

A

6 to 12

Competent, exercise abilities and intelligence and affect the world the way they want

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Identity v. role confusion

A

12 to 20
Physiological revolution
Fidelity, ability to see self as unique and integrated person with sustained loyalties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Intimacy v. isolation

A

20 to 40

Love and intimate relationships, and commit to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Generativity v. stagnation

A

40 to 65

Capable of being productive, caring, contributing member of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Integrity v. despair

A

Above 65
Wisdom-detached concern with life itself
Assurance in meaning in life, dignity, and acceptance of worthwhile life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kohlberg’s Preconventional morality Phase

A

Places emphasis on consequences of moral choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Stage one of preconvential morality (Kohlberg’s Personality)

A

Obedience- avoiding punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Stage two of preconventional morality (Kohlberg’s personality)

A

Self-interest about gaining rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Instrumental relativist stage

A

Stage two of Kohlberg’s preconventional morality

Self-concept of reciprocity and sharing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Conventional morality phase (Kohlberg’ personality)

A

2nd phase of Kohlberg’s personality theory
Begin to see themselves in terms of their relationships to others
Stage three (conformity) and stage four (law and order)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Stage three of conventional morality phase (Kohlberg’s personality)

A

Conformity - person seeks approval of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Stage four of conventional morality (Kohlberg’s personailty)

A

Law and order-maintains social order to the highest regard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Postconventional morality phase (Kohlberg’s personality)

A

Based on societal mores that may conflict with laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Stage five of postconventional morality (Kohlberg’s personality)

A

Social contract-moral rules as conventions designed to ensure greater good focused on individual rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Stage six of postconventional morailty (Kohlberg’s personality)

A

Universal human ethics- decisions by abstract principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Stages of Khonlberg’s Peronsality theory

A

Preconventional: Obedience, Self-interest
Conventional: Conformity, Law and Order
Postconventional: (some cannot reach) Social contract,, universal human ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Vygotsky

Skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in process of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

More knowledgeable other

A

Vygotsky

To gain skills and abilities, people need the help of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What drives cognitive development according to Lev Vygotsky?

A

Internalization of aspects of culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Role-taking

A

Understand perspectives and roles of others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Theory of mind

A

Being able to sense how another’s mind works and react to how they think about us

49
Q

Looking glass self

A

What we think other people think of us

50
Q

Reference group

A

Who we compare ourself to

51
Q

Personality

A

The set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of the individual across time and different locations

52
Q

What are the categories of personality theory?

A

Psychoanalytic- unconscious motivate external actions
Humanistic/Phenomenological:Value of individuals and their self-realization
Type- taxonomy of personality types
Trait-personality as sum of characteristic behaviors
Behaviorist-Operant conditioning

53
Q

id

A

Basic primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce

54
Q

Pleasure principle

A

Id wants to achieve immediate gratification to relieve any tension

55
Q

Primary process

A

Id’s response to frustration: now

56
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

Mental imagery that fulfills need for satisfactions

57
Q

Ego

A

Conscience

58
Q

What of Freud’s entities operated according to the reality principle?

A

Ego- takes into account objective reality to guide or inhibit the id
Secondary process

59
Q

Superego

A

Needs based on the ideal self

60
Q

What are the two subsystems of superego?

A

Conscience-Improper actions that lead to punishment
Ego-ideal-proper actions that are rewarded
System of right and worong

61
Q

Conscous

A

Thought we have access to

62
Q

Preconscious

A

Thoughts we aren’t aware of

63
Q

Unconscous

A

Thoughts that have been repressed

64
Q

Eros

A

Life instinct-quest for survival instincts

65
Q

Thanatos

A

Death instincts- unconsciously

66
Q

What are the components of defense mechanisms

A

Deny or distort reality

Operate unconsciously

67
Q

Repression

A

Ego’s way of forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious

68
Q

Suppressoin

A

More deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

69
Q

Regression

A

Reversion to an earlier developmental state

70
Q

Reaction formation

A

Unconsciously convert urges into the exact opposite (hating a woman that doesn’t like him)

71
Q

Projection

A

Attribute their undesired feelings to others

I hate my parents turns into my parents hate me

72
Q

What kind of test is useful for projection?

A

Rorschach inkblot test

73
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Given a series of pictures to make a story about

74
Q

Rationalization

A

Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

75
Q

Displacement

A

Transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

76
Q

Sublimation

A

Transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable ones

77
Q

Jung’s view of the conscious mind

A

The ego

78
Q

Jung’s two parts of unconscious mind

A

Personal unconscious- unaware thoughts

Collective unconscious-powerful system that is shared among all humans and is residue of experiences of early ancestors

79
Q

Archetypes

A

Underlying forms or concepts that give rise to archetypal images (persona, anima, shadow, self)

80
Q

Persona

A

Mask-personality presented to the world

81
Q

Anima/Animus

A

Feminine/Masculine sex-appropriate qualities
Feminine behaviors in males and masculine in females
Inner man or woman

82
Q

Shadow

A

Unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in consciousness

83
Q

Jung’s self

A

Point of intersection of collective unconscious, personal unconscious

84
Q

what did Jung symbolize as the self?

A

Mandala

85
Q

Jung’s three dichotomies of personality

A

Extraversion v. Introversion
Sensing v. Intuiting
Thinking v. feeling

86
Q

Myers-Briggs Inventory

A

Personality test + judging and perceiving

87
Q

Inferiority complex (Alder)

A

Individual’s sense of incompleteness, imperfections, and inferiority physically and socially
Striving for superiority drives the personality

88
Q

Alder’s creative self

A

Force by individuals shapes uniqueness and establishes his personality

89
Q

Alder’s Style of life

A

Manifestation of creative self and describes a person’s unique way of achieving superiority

90
Q

Alder’s Fictional finalism

A

Notion that an individual is motivated more by expectation of future than by past
Life would be perfect if only…

91
Q

Neurotic needs

A

Horney

10 needs of people with neurotic personalities

92
Q

Basic anxiety

A

Inadequate parenting causes vulnerability and helplessness

93
Q

Basic hositility

A

Neglect and rejection from parents causes anger

94
Q

What stages of to overcome Horney’s basic anxiety or basic hostility?

A

Move toward people, against people, or away from people

95
Q

Object relations theory

A

Object- representation of parents or other caregivers based on subjective experiences during infancy
Last into adulthood and impacts interactions

96
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

Tendency to view as holisitc self

97
Q

Force field theory

A

No focus of fixed traits on on past and future, only present

Sum on all forces in the mind- those that block and assist in goals

98
Q

Peak experiences

A

profound experiences that self-actualized people are more likely to have than not self-actualized people

99
Q

Personal construct psychology (Kelly)

A

Constructs relationships and interactions in the world like a scientist, testing predictions

100
Q

Rogers’s client-centered/nondirective therapy

A

People have freedom to control behavior and reflect on problems and generate positive actions and solutions

101
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Therapist accepts the client completely and expresses empathy to promote a positive therapeutic environment

102
Q

Somatotypes

A

Sheldon’s personality type based on body type

103
Q

Type A

A

Competitive and compulsive

104
Q

Type B

A

Laid-back and relaxed

105
Q

PEN model of personality traits

A

Psychoticism-nonconformity measure
Extraversion
Nerutoticism-Emotional arousal in stressful situations

106
Q

Big Five traits of personality (OCEAN)

A

Openess, Conscientiousness, Extraversoin, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

107
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Traits that a person organizes their life

108
Q

Central traits

A

Major characteristics of personality that are easy to infer

109
Q

Secondary traits

A

Other personal characteristics that are more limited in occurrence

110
Q

Functional autonomy

A

A behavior continues despite satisfaction of drive that created behavior

111
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A

Concepts of operant conditioning- reflection of behaviors enforced over time

112
Q

Token economies

A

Positive behavior rewared

113
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

People’s behaviors and traits shape their environments

114
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact in a given situation
Choose ones that best suit personality

115
Q

Biological perspective

A

Genetic expressions in the brain

116
Q

Dispositional approach

A

Behavior primarily determined by individual’s personality

117
Q

Situational approach

A

Environment and context determines individual’s behavior

118
Q

Is ought self a part of self concept?

A

No

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions