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Ap Psych > Sensation & Perception > Flashcards

Sensation & Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Taking info from the environment through sense organs and turns it into neural signals

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2
Q

Perception

A

How our brain makes sense of the info that are senses provide

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3
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Starting at the sensation and forming a perception as you get more info. (building up)

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4
Q

Top-down processing

A

Starting at the perception and confirming what you already know

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5
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing out awareness on one type of stimulus and ignoring others

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6
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failing to see an object when out attention is elsewhere

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7
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The awareness/activation of a sense

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8
Q

Signal detection theory

A

When we anticipate a stimulus so we are more likely to detect it

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9
Q

Subliminal messages

A

occur bellow are absolut threshold and are not consciously perceived

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10
Q

Priming

A

Increased sensitivity to certain stimuli due to prior experience related to visual or audio messages.

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11
Q

Difference threshold

A

A sense is activated and the point you notice a change

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12
Q

Webers law

A

The amount of change needed to detect a difference is equal to the size of the original stimuli

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13
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Getting use to a sensation and being unable to detect after a period of time

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14
Q

Perceptual sets

A

Tendency to use surrounding info to help interpret what we experience in the world

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15
Q

How dose the environment impact our perceptual sets

A
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16
Q

How does the ENVIRONMENT impact our perceptual sets

A

It can change ow you perceive the info

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17
Q

How does MOTIVATION impact our perceptual sets

A

Forces us to focus on one thing that is relevant at that point in time.

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18
Q

How dose EMOTIONS impact our perceptual sets

A

May force someone to see everything in a negative light

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19
Q

Hue of colors

A

The wave length

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20
Q

Stroop Effect

A

the Stroop Effect allows us to measure a person’s selective attention capacity and skills, as well as their processing speed ability.

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21
Q

Cornea

A

Protective outer layer of the eye

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22
Q

Pupil

A

Controls how much light is allowed into the eye

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23
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye

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24
Q

Lens

A

Bends light and focuses it on the retina to help you see images clearly.

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25
Q

optic nerve

A

sends info to the thalamas

26
Q

Cones

A

Color and fine detail

27
Q

Rods

A

light and dark (black and white) and peripheral vision

28
Q

schemas

A

concept frame-works that allow us to organize and interpret information

29
Q

Figure-Ground

A

We organize things into figures that stand out from our surroundings.(background)

30
Q

Proximity

A

Things that are close to on another appear to belong to the same group

31
Q

Continuity

A

We perceive a flow of items so it appears to go on even if it doesn’t

32
Q

Closure

A

Our brain fills in the gap to close of an object even if it isn’t closed

33
Q

Similarity

A

We group things that are similar to one another into the same group

34
Q

Connectedness

A

We group things that are touching one another

35
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Motion is perceived because lights blink to make you perceive motion.

36
Q

Stroboscopic Movement

A

Motion is produced by rapid succession of slightly varying images.

37
Q

Visual Cliff

A

Device to test depth perception in infants suggests that depth perception is innate.

38
Q

Binocular Cues

A

Used by both eyes to perceive 3D

39
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

Each eye gets a slightly different image but your brain combines them together

40
Q

Convergence

A

Ability of your eyes to turn inward to see things really close to you face

41
Q

Monocular Cues

A

Used by only one eye to perceive depth; used to see a 3D image in a 2D image

42
Q

Relative Height

A

Farther away=higher in visual field closer=lower in visual field

43
Q

Relative Motion

motion parallax

A

As we move objects that are actually stable may appear to move

44
Q

Relative Size

A

Close=larger, farther away=smaller

45
Q

Interposition

A

Something in front of another object lets you know the front object is closer.

46
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Two parallel lines appear farther apart=coser, lines getting closer to each other=farther

47
Q

Light and Shadow

A

Shading produces a sense of depth consistent with our assumption that light comes from

48
Q

Texture Gradient

A

Objects far away look smooth

Objects closer look rough

49
Q

Relative Clarity

A

Hazy objects appear farther away

50
Q

Sound waves length detriment…

A

pitch

51
Q

The three bones in the ear

A

Hammer
Anvil
Stirrup

52
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage to hair in ear fixed with a hearing aid

53
Q

Conduction hearing loss

A

caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. fixed by cochlear implant

54
Q

Place Theory

A

location, where hair cells bends, determines high pitches

55
Q

Frequency Theory

A

How fast a neural impulses travels determines low pitches

56
Q

the gate-control theory

A

says that we experience pain only if the pain messages can pass through a gate in the spinal cord on their route to the brain.

57
Q

5 basic tastes

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, & umami

58
Q

Kinesthesia

A

sense of body position and awareness of body parts in space

59
Q

Vestibular sense

A

sense of balance and orientation; keeps our body upright while standing, sitting, or walking

60
Q

sensory interaction

A

one sense influence another

Ap Psych (8 decks)

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