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T1 Experimentell psykologi > Sensation and perception - Vocabulary Noba > Flashcards

Sensation and perception - Vocabulary Noba Flashcards

1
Q

What is the absolute threshold?

A

The smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense.

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2
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Loss of the ability to perceive stimuli.

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3
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of the ability to smell.

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4
Q

What is audition?

A

Ability to process auditory stimuli. Also called hearing.

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5
Q

What is the auditory canal?

A

Tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

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6
Q

What are auditory hair cells?

A

Receptors in the cochlea that transduce sound into electrical potentials.

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7
Q

What is binocular disparity?

A

Difference in images processed by the left and right eyes.

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8
Q

What is binocular vision?

A

Our ability to perceive 3D and depth because of the difference between the images on each of our retinas.

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9
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Building up to perceptual experience from individual pieces.

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10
Q

What are chemical senses?

A

Our ability to process the environmental stimuli of smell and taste.

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11
Q

What is the cochlea?

A

Spiral bone structure in the inner ear containing auditory hair cells.

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12
Q

What are cones?

A

Photoreceptors of the retina sensitive to color. Located primarily in the fovea.

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13
Q

What is dark adaptation?

A

Adjustment of eye to low levels of light.

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14
Q

What is the differential threshold?

A

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli.

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15
Q

What is the dorsal pathway?

A

Pathway of visual processing. The ‘where’ pathway.

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16
Q

What is flavor?

A

The combination of smell and taste.

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17
Q

What is gustation?

A

Ability to process gustatory stimuli. Also called taste.

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18
Q

What is just noticeable difference (JND)?

A

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli.

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19
Q

What is light adaptation?

A

Adjustment of eye to high levels of light.

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20
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Mechanical sensory receptors in the skin that respond to tactile stimulation.

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21
Q

What is multimodal perception?

A

The effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world.

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22
Q

What is nociception?

A

Our ability to sense pain.

23
Q

What are odorants?

A

Chemicals transduced by olfactory receptors.

24
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Ability to process olfactory stimuli. Also called smell.

25
Q

What is the olfactory epithelium?

A

Organ containing olfactory receptors.

26
Q

What is the opponent-process theory?

A

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by cells responsive to pairs of colors.

27
Q

What are ossicles?

A

A collection of three small bones in the middle ear that vibrate against the tympanic membrane.

28
Q

What is perception?

A

The psychological process of interpreting sensory information.

29
Q

What is a phantom limb?

A

The perception that a missing limb still exists.

30
Q

What is phantom limb pain?

A

Pain in a limb that no longer exists.

31
Q

What is the pinna?

A

Outermost portion of the ear.

32
Q

What is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing auditory stimuli.

33
Q

What is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing somatosensory stimuli.

34
Q

What is the primary visual cortex?

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing visual stimuli.

35
Q

What is the principle of inverse effectiveness?

A

The finding that, in general, for a multimodal stimulus, if the response to each unimodal component (on its own) is weak, then the opportunity for multisensory enhancement is very large.

36
Q

What is the retina?

A

Cell layer in the back of the eye containing photoreceptors.

37
Q

What are rods?

A

Photoreceptors of the retina sensitive to low levels of light. Located around the fovea.

38
Q

What is sensation?

A

The physical processing of environmental stimuli by the sense organs.

39
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

Decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant stimulation.

40
Q

What is the shape theory of olfaction?

A

Theory proposing that odorants of different size and shape correspond to different smells.

41
Q

What is signal detection?

A

Method for studying the ability to correctly identify sensory stimuli.

42
Q

What is somatosensation?

A

Ability to sense touch, pain, and temperature.

43
Q

What is the somatotopic map?

A

Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex maintaining a representation of the arrangement of the body.

44
Q

What are sound waves?

A

Changes in air pressure. The physical stimulus for audition.

45
Q

What is the superadditive effect of multisensory integration?

A

The finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component.

46
Q

What are tastants?

A

Chemicals transduced by taste receptor cells.

47
Q

What are taste receptor cells?

A

Receptors that transduce gustatory information.

48
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

Experience influencing the perception of stimuli.

49
Q

What is transduction?

A

The conversion of one form of energy into another.

50
Q

What is the trichromatic theory?

A

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by three different cones responding preferentially to red, green, and blue.

51
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

Thin, stretched membrane in the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound. Also called the eardrum.

52
Q

What is the ventral pathway?

A

Pathway of visual processing. The ‘what’ pathway.

53
Q

What is the vestibular system?

A

Parts of the inner ear involved in balance.

54
Q

What is Weber’s law?

A

States that just noticeable difference is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus.

T1 Experimentell psykologi (10 decks)

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