sensation and perception Flashcards
Sensation
when we PROCESS AND RECEIVE information from the environment
transduction
the transformation of physical stimuli ➡️ neural impulses thats then sent to the brain
perception
the INTERPRETATION of info from the environment (VASE AND FACES)
bottom up processing
INITIAL processing from sensation
top down processing
identifying a stimulus by our PAST KNOWLEDGE
in-attentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when out attention is directed elsewhere
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment (prob bc you are distracted)
selective attention
my ability to focus on one stimulus while excluding other ones
the cocktail party effect
when i can only hear the one voice talking to me when there are many
divided attention
when someone can respond to more than one stimulus
thresholds
the weakest stimulus that an organ can detect
difference threshold
the smallest amnt of change in a stimulus (68°-70°, your difference threshold is 2° because you noticed the change at 2°)
webbers law
the weight thing, where you will notice a change in weight very quickly if the weight is light, but if it is heavy, it will take a lot more weight to notice the change
signal detection theory
like if you are waiting for a text and you think your phone vibrated when it didnt
SA
sensory adaptation, i am constantly stimulated by school every day of my life so i become adapted with deminished sensitivity, in my case with dissociation
what happens when transforming stimulus energies
our eyes receive light energy and transduce
Gustation
the sense of taste
what are the tastes in the gustatory system
salty
sweet
umami
sour
bitter
(5)
where is the primary gustatory cortex?
in the parietal lobe
sensory interaction
that one sense may influence another (the smell of food influences the taste)
what is the sense of smell called?
olfaction
where are olfactory sensors and bulbs
the underside of the brain
proximity
xo xo xo xo
closure
our minds provide closure (the 3/4th circles with the invisible square)
similarity
we group together similar figures
continuity
the squiggly line on the straight line, we don’t see a bunch of semi circles but we see a continuous line
connectedness
when things are close together they look connected for a second when they actually aren’t
binocular cues
cues that depend on the use of 2 eyes
retinal disparity
when you close one eye and then you switch to the other and your vision moves, and the closer you are to the thing your looking at, the bigger the difference
monocular cues
depth cues, knowing which thing is closer only using one eye, but it is harder to tell with one eye but still possible
what is your ear drum called?
the tympanic membrane
step one?
the outer ear channels sound waves through the auditory canal
step two?
the middle ear transmits the vibrations with the ossicles, the anvil, the stirrup, and the hammer, and it drives these bones to the cochlea, a small shaped tube
step 3?
the vibrations cause the cochleas membrane to vibrate
step 4?
that vibration causes ripples on the hair cells
step 5?
the movement of the hair cells triggers transduction and those neural signals travel down the auditory nerve
step 6?
the auditory nerve sends it to the thalamus and then to the temporal lobe
basilar membrane
helps you hear PITCH and TONE, its one the COCHLEA
the place theory
explains HIGH PITCHES
links the pitch we hear to the place of the cochlea’s membrane that’s stimulated
frequency theory
explains LOW PITCHES
the rate of the nerve impulses matches the frequency of a tone
what are the 2 types of deafness
1) conduction deafness - deafness from damage
2) nerve deafness - a deficit in the body’s ability to transmit impulses
what are the 4 touch variations?
-warmth
-coldness
-pain
-pressure
kinesthetic sense
the sense where you know where your body is without seeing it
vestiBular sense
the sense that manages BALANCE
what is the gate control theory
allows in pain like a gate
A data fibers = sharp pain
C data fibers = slow pain
