research methods Flashcards
Humility
An awareness of our own vulnerability to error and an openness to surprises and new perspectives
Empirical Approach
Letting facts speak for themselves
Testing theories scientifically can prove them right or wrong
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experiments.
Structuralism
early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
functionalism
early school of thought promoted by William James and influenced by Charles Darwin, it explored how mental and behavioural processes function and how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. Why we think and act the way we do, a bigger approach
experimental psychology
The study of behaviour and thinking using the experimental method
psychodynamic
how behaviour springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
behavioural
how we learn observable responses
biological
how the brain and body enable emotions, how genes combine with environment to influence individual personalities
cognitive
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
evolutionary
how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
social-cultural
how behaviour and thinking vary across situations and cultures
humanistic
how we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment
biopsychosocial
all those levels of analysis
industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
to make work places better with psychology
developmental psychology
where people study change psychologically throughout someones life
educational psychology
improves education using psychology
personality psychology
the study of someones pattern of their thinking, feeling, and acting
social psychology
study of how we relate or influence to one another
human factors psychology
how humans work with machines and technology
psychiatry
when people are licensed to prescribe you drugs for problems
hindsight bias
I knew it all along phenomenon
somatoform disorders
psychological issues that create physiological diseases
1) conversion disorder: very specific physical symptoms exist, but there is not physiological basis that can be found.
2) hypochondriasis: where a person reports normal physical sensations as symptoms of disease.
dissociative disorders
conscious awareness become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
- having a sense of being unreal
- being separated from the body
- watching yourself as in from a movie.
dissociative identity disorder
a person who exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
- involves marked discontinuity in sense of self
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dissociative fugue
- when a person loses all memory of their identity
- will have an event trigger the fugue state
- will forget all about their past and who they are as a person
- immediate alzheimers.
major depressive disorder
- a “mood disorder”
- depressed nearly every day
- hopelessness
- irritable mood
- extreme weight loss/gain
- cant sleep or sleep too much
- constant thoughts that prevent them from appreciating the present/slowed down thinking w/ less thoughts
- fatigue
- excessive guilt
- extreme thoughts of death
bipolar disorder
depression and mania alternating
manic = hyperactivity, euphoria, elation
depressive = gloomy, withdrawn, tired
lithium carbonate is a medication for people with bipolar disorder to keep their mood stable, not too depressed and not too manic
bipolar I vs bipolar II
I is more mania than depression
II is more depression than mania
