sensation and perception

Question 1

what is the process of sensation

Answer 1

sensory organs transforming energy into nerve impulses that the brain senses as the 5 senses

Question 2

what is perception

Answer 2

selection
organization
the interpretations of sensory input

Question 3

how is perception constructed

Answer 3

prior experiences
expectations
attention

Question 4

what is cross-modal perception

Answer 4

involves the interaction between two or more sense

Question 5

t or f combination of senses can lead to different perceptual experience

Answer 5

True

Question 6

what is the McGurk effect

Answer 6

visual processing influences auditory processing

Question 7

T or F we are easily fooled when visual and auditory senses cross

Answer 7

True

Question 8

what is synesthesia

Answer 8

condition in which people experience cross-modal sensations

Question 9

what is psychophysics

Answer 9

study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience
(how strong does something have to be to be noticed)

Question 10

what are thresholds

Answer 10

how strong does a stimulus have to be for us to detect it

Question 11

what is an absolute threshold

Answer 11

stimulus intensity
the stimulus is detected 50% of the time

Question 12

what is webers law

Answer 12

the size of the just noticeable different (JND) is a constant proportion to the size of the initial stimulus
varies by type of sensory input

Question 13

what is signal detection theory

Answer 13

ability to differenciate between information patterns and random patterns
what blocks this information?

Question 14

what is signal detection

Answer 14

intensity of stimuli and whether or not the person can detect it

Question 15

what are rods in photoreceptors sensitive to

Answer 15

sensitive to light/dark

Question 16

what do cones in photoreceptors do

Answer 16

sensitive to colour

Question 17

what do ganglion cells do in photoreceptors

Answer 17

sensitive to blue wavelengths

Question 18

what are binocular cues

Answer 18

our eyes see slightly different views
retinal disparity
convergence

Question 19

what are monocular cues

Answer 19

linear perspective
texture gradients
interposition
relative size
height in plane

Question 20

what is subtractive colour mixing

Answer 20

some wavelengths of light are removed
paint

Question 21

what is additive colour mixing

Answer 21

wavelengths of light are added
lights

Question 22

what’s is the trichromatic theory

Answer 22

3 types of receptors
red, green, blue
most evidence about colour blindness fits well

Question 23

what are the problems with the trichromatic theory

Answer 23

afterimages appear in complementary colours
we need more than 3 colours to describe the world

Question 24

what is the opponent process theory

Answer 24

receptors make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs of colours

Question 25

what is anomalous trichromat

Answer 25

reduced sensitivity to one of the 3

Question 26

what is dichromat

Answer 26

no sensitivity to one of the 3

Question 27

what is monochromat

Answer 27

no colour

Question 28

what is cerebral achromatopsia

Answer 28

no problem with the eye- processing in the brain is impaired

Question 29

what are feature detectors

Answer 29

neurone that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli orientation movement edges colour

Question 30

what is bottom up processing

Answer 30

features of stimulus->combine features into complex forms->recognize stimulus

Question 31

what is top down processing (THE CHT)

Answer 31

perceptual hypothesis (expectation)->select feature to analyze->recognize stimulus

Question 32

what does bottom up processing help with

Answer 32

recognize new or unfamiliar objects examining in detail

Question 33

what does top down processing help with

Answer 33

reducing workload quick judgements about vague stimuli

Question 34

what is visual agnosia

Answer 34

inability to recognize objects

Question 35

what is face detection

Answer 35

specialized cells in the visual cortex respond to faces adaptive vale

Question 36

what does the stimulus do

Answer 36

sound waves - amplitude (loudness) - wavelength (pitch) - purity (timbre)

Question 37

what does the outer ear (pinna) do and contain

Answer 37

collects and amplifies sound auditory canal (ear canal) has a tympanic membrane

Question 38

what does the middle ear do and contain

Answer 38

eardrum: sound waves hit here tympanic cavity

Question 39

what ossicles are in the middle ear

Answer 39

malleus incus stapes

Question 40

what does the inner ear contain

Answer 40

oval window cochlea vestibular and cochlear nerves

Question 41

what is the place theory

Answer 41

specific frequencies vibrate particular places of the basilar membrane

Question 42

what is the frequency theory

Answer 42

pitch corresponds to the vibration of the whole basilar membrane brain detects how fast the membrane is firing and auditory nerves fires at same rate

Question 43

T or F Place theory is low pitches

Answer 43

F its high pitches

Question 44

T or false frequency theory is low pitches

Answer 44

True

Question 45

what does median localization use

Answer 45

monaural cues

Question 46

what is proprioception

Answer 46

kinaesthesia sense of relative position of body parts position, movement and acceleration

Question 47

T or F proprioception declines with age

Answer 47

True

Question 48

what are impairments on proprioception

Answer 48

rapid growth/loss alchohol use sleep deprivation chemotherapy

Question 49

what is vestibular sense

Answer 49

responds to gravity balance righting reflex

Question 50

what are some impairments in vestibular sense

Answer 50

vertigo and dizziness alchohol consumption

Question 51

what happens to ageing and balance

Answer 51

falls are the top cause of injury in elders blood flow nerve cells in vestibular system

Question 52

what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV)

Answer 52

debris fluid in inner ear