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Psychology 120 > sensation and perception > Flashcards

sensation and perception Flashcards

lesson 10

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1
Q

what is the process of sensation

A

sensory organs transforming energy into nerve impulses that the brain senses as the 5 senses

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2
Q

what is perception

A

selection
organization
the interpretations of sensory input

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3
Q

how is perception constructed

A

prior experiences
expectations
attention

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4
Q

what is cross-modal perception

A

involves the interaction between two or more sense

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5
Q

t or f combination of senses can lead to different perceptual experience

A

True

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6
Q

what is the McGurk effect

A

visual processing influences auditory processing

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7
Q

T or F we are easily fooled when visual and auditory senses cross

A

True

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8
Q

what is synesthesia

A

condition in which people experience cross-modal sensations

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9
Q

what is psychophysics

A

study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience
(how strong does something have to be to be noticed)

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10
Q

what are thresholds

A

how strong does a stimulus have to be for us to detect it

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11
Q

what is an absolute threshold

A

stimulus intensity
the stimulus is detected 50% of the time

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12
Q

what is webers law

A

the size of the just noticeable different (JND) is a constant proportion to the size of the initial stimulus
varies by type of sensory input

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13
Q

what is signal detection theory

A

ability to differenciate between information patterns and random patterns
what blocks this information?

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14
Q

what is signal detection

A

intensity of stimuli and whether or not the person can detect it

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15
Q

what are rods in photoreceptors sensitive to

A

sensitive to light/dark

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16
Q

what do cones in photoreceptors do

A

sensitive to colour

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17
Q

what do ganglion cells do in photoreceptors

A

sensitive to blue wavelengths

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18
Q

what are binocular cues

A

our eyes see slightly different views
retinal disparity
convergence

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19
Q

what are monocular cues

A

linear perspective
texture gradients
interposition
relative size
height in plane

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20
Q

what is subtractive colour mixing

A

some wavelengths of light are removed
paint

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21
Q

what is additive colour mixing

A

wavelengths of light are added
lights

22
Q

what’s is the trichromatic theory

A

3 types of receptors
red, green, blue
most evidence about colour blindness fits well

23
Q

what are the problems with the trichromatic theory

A

afterimages appear in complementary colours
we need more than 3 colours to describe the world

24
Q

what is the opponent process theory

A

receptors make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs of colours

25
Q

what is anomalous trichromat

A

reduced sensitivity to one of the 3

26
Q

what is dichromat

A

no sensitivity to one of the 3

27
Q

what is monochromat

A

no colour

28
Q

what is cerebral achromatopsia

A

no problem with the eye- processing in the brain is impaired

29
Q

what are feature detectors

A

neurone that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli
orientation
movement
edges
colour

30
Q

what is bottom up processing

A

features of stimulus->combine features into complex forms->recognize stimulus

31
Q

what is top down processing (THE CHT)

A

perceptual hypothesis (expectation)->select feature to analyze->recognize stimulus

32
Q

what does bottom up processing help with

A

recognize new or unfamiliar objects
examining in detail

33
Q

what does top down processing help with

A

reducing workload
quick judgements about vague stimuli

34
Q

what is visual agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

35
Q

what is face detection

A

specialized cells in the visual cortex respond to faces
adaptive vale

36
Q

what does the stimulus do

A

sound waves
- amplitude (loudness)
- wavelength (pitch)
- purity (timbre)

37
Q

what does the outer ear (pinna) do and contain

A

collects and amplifies sound
auditory canal (ear canal)
has a tympanic membrane

38
Q

what does the middle ear do and contain

A

eardrum: sound waves hit here
tympanic cavity

39
Q

what ossicles are in the middle ear

A

malleus
incus
stapes

40
Q

what does the inner ear contain

A

oval window
cochlea
vestibular and cochlear nerves

41
Q

what is the place theory

A

specific frequencies vibrate particular places of the basilar membrane

42
Q

what is the frequency theory

A

pitch corresponds to the vibration of the whole basilar membrane
brain detects how fast the membrane is firing and auditory nerves fires at same rate

43
Q

T or F Place theory is low pitches

A

F its high pitches

44
Q

T or false frequency theory is low pitches

A

True

45
Q

what does median localization use

A

monaural cues

46
Q

what is proprioception

A

kinaesthesia
sense of relative position of body parts
position, movement and acceleration

47
Q

T or F proprioception declines with age

A

True

48
Q

what are impairments on proprioception

A

rapid growth/loss
alchohol use
sleep deprivation
chemotherapy

49
Q

what is vestibular sense

A

responds to gravity
balance
righting reflex

50
Q

what are some impairments in vestibular sense

A

vertigo and dizziness
alchohol consumption

51
Q

what happens to ageing and balance

A

falls are the top cause of injury in elders
blood flow
nerve cells in vestibular system

52
Q

what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV)

A

debris fluid in inner ear

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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