intelligence Flashcards
module 3 chapter 9
what is the ability to learn, remember, and use information to adapt and solve problems
intelligence
what was the first intelligence test
binet and Simon
who believed intelligence is one thing, which he called general intelligence or g
spearman
performance of a test is a combination of what
g and s (specialized intelligence and skills for that task)
what is stored language, knowledge and memories which can be used to solve problems called
crystallized intelligence
what is the ability to reason and think quickly called
fluid intelligence
intelligence is organized into hierarchal categories from what to what
from most basic abilities to general intelligence/G
in sternbergs triarchic theory, what is the ability to answer problems with a single right answer
analytic intelligence
in stern bergs triarchic theory, what is the ability to adapt to new situations and create new ideas called
creative intelligence
in stern bergs triarchic theory, what is common sense/ streets smarts called
practical intelligence
what is the Flynn effect
when people today take older versions of IQ tests, average scores are above 100
what is the standford-binet intelligence scale
gives a single score
fluids reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning and working memory
WISC and WAIS
more commonly used
gives scores on sub scales
verbal IQ: verbal comprehension and working memory
Performance IQ: perceptual organization and processing speed
tests are normed to have a mean of ____ and a standard deviation of ___
100 and 15
what do more intelligent people have
larger, denser brains with thicker cortex
less brain activity on a particular task
faster processing speeds
what is the heretibilaty of IQ
.40 and 0.80
t or f identical twins have highly correlated IQs
true
what are some environmental influences on intelligence
early childhood environment
nutrition
enrichment
exposire to toxins
education
what is bias in IQ tests
intelligence tests require specific knowledge
experience with multiple choice tasks
what is language
system for communicating with others using signals that are combined according to rules of grammar that covey meaning
what is grammar
set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages
how does language establish common ground
knowledge that the speaker and listener share and think or assume they share
how does language affect audience deisign
we tailor our speech to those around us, based on common ground
what are the different conversations coordinated between people
lexicon- tend to use similar words/terms as the people around us
syntax - tend to use similar word order and sentence structure as the people around us
rates of speech - we match our speed to that of other people in the conversation
how does language establish groups
establishes and enlarges in-group and differentiates from outgroup
what is linguistic intergroup bias
in-group members: use adjectives to describe positive actions and verbs to describe negative actions
outgroup members- use verbs to describe positive actions and adjectives to describe negative actions
what properties does the human language have
uses symbols to convey meaning
generavity- symbols can be combined in infinite ways to convey novel meanings
displacement- can refer to things that are not present
what is involved in the structure of language
phonemes
morphemes
syntactic rules
what does phonemes do
smallest units of sound that are recognizable as speech
what are the phonological rules
language rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined. differ from language to language
what does morphemes do
smallest meaningful units of language, made up of phonemes
what are content morphemes
things and events
what are function morphemes
grammatical functions
what are the morphological rules
language rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words
what are syntactic rules
language rules that indicate how words can be combined to form sentences and phrases
what is responsible for production of coherent speech. Damage results in garbled, ungrammatical speech
the brocas area in the brain
what is responsible for comprehension of speech. Damage results in difficulty understanding others speech and in producing meaningful speech
the Wernicke’s area
what is linguistic relativity hypothesis (sapir-whorf hypothesis)
language determines what we are able to think about
t or f language influences what we think and the decisions we make but it is not deterministic
true
