biological bases and behaviour

Question 1

what do dendrites do

Answer 1

receive information from other cells

Question 2

what does the soma do

Answer 2

also know as cell body, contains genetic information and maintains the neuron’s structure

Question 3

what does the axon do

Answer 3

carry electric impulses to communicate between the brain and rest of the body

Question 4

what does the myelin sheath do

Answer 4

allows the electric impulses to transfer quickly along nerve cells

Question 5

what do terminal buttons do

Answer 5

release neurotransmitters

Question 6

what do agonists do

Answer 6

increase activity at receptor sites

Question 7

what do antagonists do

Answer 7

decrease activity at receptor sites

Question 8

what is acetylcholine

Answer 8

neurotransmitter that is important for movement and attention

Question 9

what is dopamine

Answer 9

happy hormone and neurotransmitter that has control over movement
gives you a feeling of pleasure and motivation

Question 10

what is norepinephrine

Answer 10

hormone and neurotransmitter that is for mood and arousal and attention

Question 11

what is serotonin

Answer 11

sleepy hormone and neurotransmitter that is used for sleep, appetite and mood

Question 12

people who are running but keep going even with injury is activating what?

Answer 12

endorphins

Question 13

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
being able to feel and move certain parts of the body

Question 14

what is the somatic nervous system aslo known as

Answer 14

voluntary nervous system
sensation

Question 15

what does efferent mean

Answer 15

signals exiting the brain

Question 16

what does afferent mean

Answer 16

send signals back to the brain

Question 17

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

*automatic
involuntary muscle movement and functioning
breathing (we don’t think to breathe)
keeps us going

Question 18

what does the autonomic nervous system do

Answer 18

2 parts
parasympathetic: helps conserve energy, (relax)
sympathetic: opposite (response)

Question 19

what is the central nervous system

Answer 19

the brain and spinal cord
contains cerebrospinal fluid and meninges to protect the brain

Question 20

why is the spinal cord important

Answer 20

connects the brain to the rest of the body

Question 21

what happens if there is spinal cord damage

Answer 21

paralysis or lack of sensation below point of injury

Question 22

what does the cerebellum do

Answer 22

means little brain
fine muscle movement, balance

Question 23

what is the first parts of your brain to decrease due to age

Answer 23

cerebellum

Question 24

what does the medulla do

Answer 24

keeps you alive
blood circulation, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes

Question 25

what does the pons do

Answer 25

sleep and arousal sympathetic and parasympathetic are involved with pons

Question 26

what part of the brain is associated with life, the important things we need but aren't always consciously of

Answer 26

the hindbrain

Question 27

dropping something and picking it up is using what part of the brain

Answer 27

the midbrain

Question 28

what is the midbrain

Answer 28

part of the brainstem dopamine release reflexive behaviours not much deep thought

Question 30

what is in the forebrain

Answer 30

limbic system cerebrum thalamus hypothalamus

Question 31

what does the thalamus do

Answer 31

relay station for sensory information integration of sensory information

Question 32

T or F smell goes through the thalamus

Answer 32

False

Question 33

what are the four Fs in the hypothalamus

Answer 33

Fighting Fleeing Feeding Mating

Question 34

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 34

control of the autonomic nervous system regulation of basic biological drives

Question 35

what controls movement in the brain

Answer 35

basal ganglia

Question 36

what does the basal glanglia do

Answer 36

movement, learning (associative learning)

Question 37

when someone has Huntingtons disease where is the damage in the brain

Answer 37

the basal ganglia

Question 38

what is the limbic system

Answer 38

contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala regulation of emotion, memory and motivation

Question 39

what is the amygdala

Answer 39

basic emotional responses fear and happiness emotional learning

Question 40

what is the hippocampus

Answer 40

formation and consolidation of memories

Question 41

T or F memories are stored or retrieved from the hippocampus

Answer 41

False they're made in the hippocampus

Question 42

what is the cerebral cortex

Answer 42

outer layer of the cerebrum learning, remembering, thinking and consciousness

Question 43

what is the corpus callous and hemispheric specialization

Answer 43

communication between hemispheres each hemisphere primary connected to opposite sides of the body

Question 44

what is the left hemisphere

Answer 44

verbal processing, speech, reading, writing

Question 45

what is the right hemisphere

Answer 45

nonverbal processing, tasks, music, visual recognition

Question 46

T or F each hemisphere is primary responsible for the opposite side of the body

Answer 46

True

Question 47

what is the occipital lobe

Answer 47

primary visual cortex beginning of most visual processing

Question 48

what does V1 do

Answer 48

received input from the thalamus

Question 49

what does V2 do

Answer 49

processes, projects to other regions of occipital lobe

Question 50

what does the dorsal stream do

Answer 50

guidance of movement

Question 51

what does ventral stream do

Answer 51

objects perception

Question 52

what is the parietal lobe

Answer 52

processes sensory information touch and taste

Question 53

what is the temporal lobe

Answer 53

primary auditory cortex auditory processing language comprehension

Question 54

what is the frontal lobe

Answer 54

prefrontal cortex thinking and memory primary motor cortex brocas area

Question 55

what does the prefrontal cortex do

Answer 55

higher order functions executive control

Question 56

what is amnesia

Answer 56

onset: cased by head injury retrograde: affecting old information first anterograde: difficulty forming new memory (no issue recalling old ones)

Question 57

where does consolidation occur

Answer 57

hippocampus

Question 58

what is synaptic consolidation

Answer 58

structural changes (space between neutrons) quick

Question 59

what is systemic consolidation

Answer 59

hippocampus guides the reorganization of info but diminishes over time (then stored in cortex) occurs during sleep