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Psychology 120 > biological bases and behaviour > Flashcards

biological bases and behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

what do dendrites do

A

receive information from other cells

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2
Q

what does the soma do

A

also know as cell body, contains genetic information and maintains the neuron’s structure

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3
Q

what does the axon do

A

carry electric impulses to communicate between the brain and rest of the body

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4
Q

what does the myelin sheath do

A

allows the electric impulses to transfer quickly along nerve cells

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5
Q

what do terminal buttons do

A

release neurotransmitters

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6
Q

what do agonists do

A

increase activity at receptor sites

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7
Q

what do antagonists do

A

decrease activity at receptor sites

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8
Q

what is acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that is important for movement and attention

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9
Q

what is dopamine

A

happy hormone and neurotransmitter that has control over movement
gives you a feeling of pleasure and motivation

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10
Q

what is norepinephrine

A

hormone and neurotransmitter that is for mood and arousal and attention

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11
Q

what is serotonin

A

sleepy hormone and neurotransmitter that is used for sleep, appetite and mood

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12
Q

people who are running but keep going even with injury is activating what?

A

endorphins

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13
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
being able to feel and move certain parts of the body

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14
Q

what is the somatic nervous system aslo known as

A

voluntary nervous system
sensation

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15
Q

what does efferent mean

A

signals exiting the brain

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16
Q

what does afferent mean

A

send signals back to the brain

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17
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

*automatic
involuntary muscle movement and functioning
breathing (we don’t think to breathe)
keeps us going

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18
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system do

A

2 parts
parasympathetic: helps conserve energy, (relax)
sympathetic: opposite (response)

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19
Q

what is the central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord
contains cerebrospinal fluid and meninges to protect the brain

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20
Q

why is the spinal cord important

A

connects the brain to the rest of the body

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21
Q

what happens if there is spinal cord damage

A

paralysis or lack of sensation below point of injury

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22
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

means little brain
fine muscle movement, balance

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23
Q

what is the first parts of your brain to decrease due to age

A

cerebellum

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24
Q

what does the medulla do

A

keeps you alive
blood circulation, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes

25
Q

what does the pons do

A

sleep and arousal
sympathetic and parasympathetic are involved with pons

26
Q

what part of the brain is associated with life, the important things we need but aren’t always consciously of

A

the hindbrain

27
Q

dropping something and picking it up is using what part of the brain

A

the midbrain

28
Q

what is the midbrain

A

part of the brainstem
dopamine release
reflexive behaviours
not much deep thought

29
Q
A
30
Q

what is in the forebrain

A

limbic system
cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus

31
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

relay station for sensory information
integration of sensory information

32
Q

T or F smell goes through the thalamus

A

False

33
Q

what are the four Fs in the hypothalamus

A

Fighting
Fleeing
Feeding
Mating

34
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

control of the autonomic nervous system
regulation of basic biological drives

35
Q

what controls movement in the brain

A

basal ganglia

36
Q

what does the basal glanglia do

A

movement, learning (associative learning)

37
Q

when someone has Huntingtons disease where is the damage in the brain

A

the basal ganglia

38
Q

what is the limbic system

A

contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala
regulation of emotion, memory and motivation

39
Q

what is the amygdala

A

basic emotional responses
fear and happiness
emotional learning

40
Q

what is the hippocampus

A

formation and consolidation of memories

41
Q

T or F memories are stored or retrieved from the hippocampus

A

False they’re made in the hippocampus

42
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of the cerebrum
learning, remembering, thinking and consciousness

43
Q

what is the corpus callous and hemispheric specialization

A

communication between hemispheres
each hemisphere primary connected to opposite sides of the body

44
Q

what is the left hemisphere

A

verbal processing, speech, reading, writing

45
Q

what is the right hemisphere

A

nonverbal processing, tasks, music, visual recognition

46
Q

T or F each hemisphere is primary responsible for the opposite side of the body

A

True

47
Q

what is the occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex
beginning of most visual processing

48
Q

what does V1 do

A

received input from the thalamus

49
Q

what does V2 do

A

processes, projects to other regions of occipital lobe

50
Q

what does the dorsal stream do

A

guidance of movement

51
Q

what does ventral stream do

A

objects perception

52
Q

what is the parietal lobe

A

processes sensory information
touch and taste

53
Q

what is the temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex
auditory processing
language comprehension

54
Q

what is the frontal lobe

A

prefrontal cortex
thinking and memory
primary motor cortex
brocas area

55
Q

what does the prefrontal cortex do

A

higher order functions
executive control

56
Q

what is amnesia

A

onset: cased by head injury
retrograde: affecting old information first
anterograde: difficulty forming new memory (no issue recalling old ones)

57
Q

where does consolidation occur

A

hippocampus

58
Q

what is synaptic consolidation

A

structural changes (space between neutrons)
quick

59
Q

what is systemic consolidation

A

hippocampus guides the reorganization of info but diminishes over time (then stored in cortex)
occurs during sleep

Psychology 120 (8 decks)

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