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psychology > sensation and perception > Flashcards

sensation and perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

the process by which our sensory organs and receptors detect and respond to physical stimuli that stimulates them

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2
Q

perception

A

the process of assigning meaning to raw info

active

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3
Q

reception

A

sensory receptors recieve and process sensory info

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4
Q

receptive field

A

area of space on a receptor site where receptors can respond to stimuli

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5
Q

transduction

A

receptors change energy of sensory info into electrochemical energy

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6
Q

transmission

A

sensory info is sent to relevnat area of the brain via thalamus (except for smell)

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7
Q

interpretation

A

sensory info is given meaning

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8
Q

cornea

A

protects the eye and helps focus light onto the retina

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9
Q

aqueous humour

A

maintains the shape of the eyeball

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10
Q

pupil

A

helps control the amount of light entering the eye

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11
Q

iris

A

controls the size of the pupil

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12
Q

lens

A

focuses light onto retina
flatten-far
bulge-close

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13
Q

cilliary musvles

A

help control shape of the lens

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14
Q

retina

A

contains photoreceptors sensitive to light

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15
Q

visual perception principles

A

rules that we apply to visual info to assist our organisation and interpretation

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16
Q

gestalt principles

A

refers to how we organise features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole form

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17
Q

FGO

A

we organise info perceptually by dividing the visual scene into figure and ground

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18
Q

reversibility

A

when the figure and ground are ambiguous, perception is dependent on which aspect of the visual scene we label as the figure

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19
Q

closure

A

perceptual tendency to mentally ignore gaps in a visual image so we can perceive it a whole

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20
Q

similarity

A

perceptual tendency to group together objects that have similar features
>size
>shape
>texture
>colour

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21
Q

proximity

A

perceptual tendency to perceive parts of a visual image that are close together as a whole

22
Q

depth perception

A

ability to accurately estimate the distance of objects and perceive the world in three dimensions

23
Q

binocular depth cues

A

require use of both eyes to provide info to the brain about depth and distance

24
Q

convergence

A

brain detects and interprets depth and distance via tension in eye muscles

greater tension- close objects

25
Q

retinal disparity

A

depth and distance is judged by the difference of the images cast on each retina

26
Q

monocular depth cues

A

require use of only one eye to provide info on depth and distance to the brain

27
Q

accommodation

A

brain monitors ciliary muscles to determine depth and distance

28
Q

pictoral depth cues

A

linear perspective
interposition
texture gradient
relative size
height in visual field

29
Q

relative size

A

perceptual tendency to perceive objects that cast larger images on the retina as closer and vice versa

30
Q

perceptual constancies

A

perceptual tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanged despite any change that may occur on the image cast onto the retina

31
Q

size constancy

A

recoginising that an objects size stays the same despite casting a different image on the retina

32
Q

shape constancies

A

recoginising that an objects shape stays the same despite casting a different image on the retina

33
Q

Brightness constancy

A

The tendency to perceive an object as maintaining its level of brightness in relation to its surroundings despite changes in the amount of light being reflected from the object to the retina

34
Q

Perceptual set

A

The predisposition or readiness to perceive something in accordance to what we expect it to be

35
Q

Characteristics of a perceptual set

A

-context
- motivation
- emotional state
- past experiences
- culture

36
Q

Taste receptors

A

detect the chemical molecules that enable taste

have a lifespan of about 10 days

37
Q

Taste buds

A

Taste receptors are located within the taste buds

most are on the tongue but can be found under the tongue or in the mouth

38
Q

papillae

A

Small bumps on the tongue surface that contain the taste buds
may contain one or more taste buds

39
Q

Taste pores

A

Open into the Tastebud

connect the surface of the tongue to the taste receptors that are in the taste buds

this is achieved by gustatory hairs

40
Q

Influences on taste perception

A

Age
genetics
perceptual set - food packaging and appearance
culture

41
Q

Visual illusions

A

Consistent misinterpretation of real sensory information

mismatch between our visual perception and physical reality

42
Q

Muller-Lyer illusion

A

The line with the feather tail at each end is perceived as being longer than the line with the arrowhead at each end

43
Q

Carpenter world hypothesis

A

Suggests that the illusion occurs because of its similarity to familiar architectural features in the real 3D world

44
Q

ames room illusion

A

Intentionally designed the room to distort visual perception particularly in the size of objects in the room

The rooms unusual shape combined with the restriction of only being able to use monocular vision provides the basis for the illusion

45
Q

Flavour

A

A perceptual experience produced by combination of taste and other senses

46
Q

.

A

,

47
Q

perceptual set - flavour perception

A

The flavour that we experience is influenced by our expectations this is based on preconceived ideas about how something should taste

48
Q

Colour intensity influencing flavour perception

A

The tends to be an expectation that more intensely coloured foods are likely to be more intensely flavoured

49
Q

Texture influencing flavour perception

A

texture of food determines how much of the surface area it stimulates

texture affects the amount of time food stays in the mouth

50
Q

Synaesthesia

A

Perceptual experience in which simulation of one sense produces additional unusual experience in another sense

51
Q

Characteristics of synaesthesia

A

Involuntary

automatic response

vivid, highly memorable and consistent across time

52
Q

Possible explanations for synaesthesia

A

High sensitivity to external stimuli

breakdown of sensory and perceptual processes

excess of neural connections from early development

psychology (6 decks)

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