Senile pupil

Question 1

Senile pupil

Answer 1

The senile pupil (aka senile miosis) refers to the characteristically small pupil sometimes seen in older people which fails to dilate in the dark.

This can be associated with a reduced reaction to light and accommodation.
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Question 2

Argyll Robertson

Answer 2

Argyll Robertson pupils (AR pupils or, colloquially, “prostitute’s pupils”) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react to light). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy. In general, pupils that accommodate b

Question 3

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 3

Horner’s syndrome is a combination of symptoms that arises when a group of nerves known as the sympathetic trunk is damaged. The signs and symptoms occur on the same side as the lesion of the sympathetic trunk. It is characterized by miosis (a constricted pupil), partial ptosis (a weak, droopy eyelid), apparent anhidrosis (decreased sweating), with apparent enophthalmos (inset eyeball).

Question 4

Marcus Gunn pupil

Answer 4

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) or Marcus Gunn pupil is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test[1] whereupon the patient’s pupils constrict less (therefore appearing to dilate) when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and produces pupillary sphincter constriction to some degree, albeit reduced.