Semster 1 Summary

Question 1

Cortical bone definition

Answer 1

Macroscopic
Hard bone
Contains Haversian channels

Question 2

Cancellous bone definition

Answer 2

Site of Ca+ homeostasis
Macroscopic

Question 3

Woven bone definition

Answer 3

Weak bone
Formed rapidly

Question 4

Lamellar bone definition

Answer 4

Remodeled woven bone
Strong
Microscopic

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

Build bone
RANK signals
PTH signals

Question 6

Osteoclasts

Answer 6

Resorb bone
RANK stimulate
Calcitonin inhibits

Question 7

Osteoprogenitor cell

Answer 7

Stem cell
Produces bone cells

Question 8

Osteocytes

Answer 8

Former osteoblasts trapped in matrix
Maintain bone
Calcitonin stimulates
PTH inhibits

Question 9

Primary healing

Answer 9

Direct healing
Requires absolute stability
Lamellar bone forms
Haversian remodeling

Question 10

Secondary healing

Answer 10

Relative stability
Endochondral ossification
Inflammation repair remodeling

Question 11

Four R’s of trauma management

Answer 11

Resuscitate
Reduce
Restrict
Rehabilitate

Question 12

ABCDE life threatening trauma

Answer 12

Airways and C spine control
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

Question 13

ATOM FC

Answer 13

airways obstruction
Tension pneumothorax
Open pneumothorax
Massive haemothorax
Flail chest
Cardiac tamponade

Question 14

Six P’s of compartment syndrome

Answer 14

Pain
Pallor
Parathesia
Perishingly cold
Paralysis
Pulselessness

Question 15

Factors which increase hip fractures

Answer 15

Co morbidities
Mental state
Osteoporosis

Question 16

Hip fractures are treated with…

Answer 16

Surgery

Question 17

Three components of connective tissue

Answer 17

Cells- chondrocytes and fibroblasts
ECM- proteoglycans and collagen
Interstitial fluid

Question 18

Fibrocartilage

Answer 18

Compressive and tensile forces
Evenly distributes weight

Question 19

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 19

On articular surfaces
Tough inflexible

Question 20

Elastic cartilage

Answer 20

In ears and epiglottis
Stretchy flexible