Fractures Flashcards
Fracture definition
Discontinuity on the bone surface caused by a force larger than the bones ability to withstand
Name three common fractures in older adults
Hips spine wrist
Causation of fractures in older people
Poor bone quality
OP or medications
Increased fall risk causes by decrease in muscle mass
Arthritis or environment
Risk factors for osteoporosis
Smoking
Excess alcohol
Genetics
Ethnicity
Lack of exercise
What is responsible for your peak bone mass
Genetics= 70-80%
investigations for OP
DEXA scan
What two measurements are taken with the DEXA scan
T score- bone density against 30 year old of the same sex
Z score- bone density against the average bone density of the same age weight and sex
Three reasoned someone would need a DEXA scan
Fragility fractures for over 50 years
Vertebral fracture
Taking glucocorticoids
Ten year fracture risk
Two calculators for fracture risk
FRAX
QFracture
Prevention of OP
lifestyle changes
Muscle strengthening
Balance exercises
Treatment of OP
calcium
Vitamin D
Bisphosponate
Mechanism of action of bisphosphonates
Prevent bone resorption
Increase mineralization
Increase bone density
Side effects of bisphosphonates
Indigestion
Flu like illness at the start
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Oesoohageal ulcers
