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FINAL BACTERIOLOGY > SEMR: Gram (-) bacilli > Flashcards

SEMR: Gram (-) bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

aka enterics or coliforms

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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2
Q

all enterobacteriaceae are oxidase negative except for

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

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3
Q

all enterobacteriaceae are motile at body temperature except

A

klebsiella, shigella, yersinia KYS

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members

UTI, Septicemia, CNS and diarrheal diseases

Disease syndromes
1. Uropathogenic E. coli
2. Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)
3. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
4. Enterophatogenic E. coli (EPEC)
5. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
6. Enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC)

A

Escherichia coli

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5
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

-Most common cause of UTI in humans
-Virulence factor :
1. pili
2. cytolysins
3. aerobactin

A

Uropathogenic E. coli

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6
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor:
adherence to epithelial cells

A

Pili

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7
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor: inhibit immune effector cells

A

Cytolysins

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8
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor: chelate iron

A

Aerobactin

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9
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Also known “Montezuma’s revenge” or “turista”

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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10
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Disease
-Epidemic (infant) diarrhea and traveler’s diarrhea

Virulence factor
-Fimbria
-Heat-labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) enterotoxins

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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11
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor
-Invades enterocytes causing Shigella like infection

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

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12
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Disease
-Dysentery and Bloody stools

Other Characteristics- Sereny test (+)
-Strains can be non-motile or non-lactose fermenter

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

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13
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor
-Bundle-forming pilus for attachment to cells
of the small bowel

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

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14
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Disease:
-Infantile diarrhea (watery with mucus but no blood)

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

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15
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Also known as Verotoxic E.coli (VTEC)

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC)

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16
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Virulence factor
-Cytotoxin (Verotoxin I & II) similar to Shiga toxin
-Serotype 0157:H7 strain (STEC) (sorbitol-MAC and
MUG negative)

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC)

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17
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Disease
-Hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC)

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18
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Enteroadherent E. coli

-Associated with UTI and diarrheal disease

A

Diffusely adherent E.coli (DAEC)

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19
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Escherichia coli

Enteroadherent E. coli

-Adhere to HEp2 in a aggregative “stacked-brick “
pattern
-Produces watery diarrhea

A

Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC)

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20
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members

Friedlander’s bacilli

A

Klebsiella

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21
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members

Disease syndromes
-Respiratory tract (pneumonia) ,wound, urinary tract,
blood (septicemia) ,and CSF (Meningitis) infections

A

B-C. Klebsiella
(Friedlander’s bacilli) and
Enterobacter

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22
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members

-May be encapsulated and appears as mucoid colonies
that tend to “string”.
-Klebsiella is Associated with plasmid-mediated ESBL’s

A

Klebsiella(Friedlander’s bacilli) and
Enterobacter

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23
Q

Important IMVC Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

Indole: +
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate:-

A

E. coli

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24
Q

Important IMVC Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

Indole: -
MR: -
VP: +
Citrate: +

A

K. pneumoniae subs. pneumoniae

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25
Q

Important IMVC Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

Indole: +
MR: +
VP: -
Citrate: +

A

K. pneumoniae subs. oxytoca

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26
Q

Important Decarboxylase Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

LDC: +
ODC: -
ADH: -

A

K. pneumoniae subs. pneumoniae

K. pneumoniae subs. oxytoca

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27
Q

Important Decarboxylase Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

LDC: +
ODC: +
ADH: -

A

E. aerogenes

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28
Q

Important Decarboxylase Reactions for Lactose Fermenters

LDC: -
ODC: +
ADH: +

A

E. cloacae

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29
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members

Virulence factor
-Nosocomial and opportunistic pathogens causing
bacteremia, septicemia, urinary tract, respiratory
tract (pneumonias) and wound infections.
-ONPG Positive

A

Serratia and Citrobacter

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30
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Serratiaand Citrobacter

produces a red pigment (prodigiosin)

A

S. marcescens

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31
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Opportunistic Members
Serratiaand Citrobacter

produces Lipase, Gelatinase and
DNase.

A

S. marcescens

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32
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Differentiation of Tribe Proteeae

Reaction
Indole: -
MR/VP: +/-
Citrate: +
Urease: +
H2S: +
ODC: +
Motility: s/+

A

P. mirabilis

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33
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Differentiation of Tribe Proteeae

Reaction
Indole: +
MR/VP: +/-
Citrate: d
Urease: +
H2S: +
ODC: -
Motility: s/+

A

P. vulgaris

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34
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Differentiation of Tribe Proteeae

Reaction
Indole: +
MR/VP:+/-
Citrate:+
Urease: +/-
H2S:-
ODC:-
Motility: +

A

Prov. stuartii

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35
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Differentiation of Tribe Proteeae

Reaction
Indole:+
MR/VP:+/-
Citrate: +
Urease: +
H2S:-
ODC:-
Motility:+

A

Prov. retgerri

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36
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Differentiation of Tribe Proteeae

Reaction
Indole:+
MR/VP: +/-
Citrate: -
Urease: +
H2S: -
ODC: +
Motility: +

A

M. morganii

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37
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

-has 7 subspecies (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6)
-Almost all clinical isolates are of Subgroup I

A

Salmonella

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38
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Citrate V
Gas +
H2S V
LDC +
ODC +

A

Choleraesuis

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39
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Citrate -
Gas -
H2S -
LDC -
ODC +

A

Paratyphi

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40
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Citrate -
Gas -
H2S +
LDC +
ODC -

A

Typhi

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41
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Virulence Factors
-Fimbria, ability to transverse intestinal mucosa,
enterotoxin (gastroenteritis)

A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

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42
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Clinical Infections
i. Acute gastroenteritis or food poisoning
ii. Enteric Fever (Typhoid fever)
iii. Bacteremia
iv. Carrier state

A

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

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43
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Clinical Infections: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

-Associated with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi
-Isolated in blood at (weeks 1 to 2), in stool (weeks
2 and 3), and in urine (weeks 3 and 4)

A

Enteric Fever (Typhoid fever)

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44
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Clinical Infections: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

Associated with S. Typhimurium, S. Paratyphi and
S. Choleraesuis

A

Bacteremia

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45
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Clinical Infections: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

harbor organisms in the gallbladder

A

Carrier state

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46
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

-Appears as metallic colonies
with a black ring in Bismuth
sulfite agar.
-Diagnosed with WIDAL’S TEST in reference laboratories.

A

Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica

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47
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Motile
H2S (+) Exp. Paratyphi A
Lysine Decarboxylase (+)
Infectious Dose: 10^6

A

Salmonella

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48
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Non-motile
H2S (-)
Lysine Decarboxylase (-)
Infectious Dose: 100-200

A

Shigella

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49
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Mannitol –
ONPG V
ODC –
ONPG –
Serogroup A

A

S. dysenteriae

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50
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Mannitol +
ONPG –
ODC –
ONPG –
Serogroup B

A

S. flexneri

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51
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Mannitol +
ONPG V
ODC –
ONPG –
Serogroup C

A

S. boydii

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52
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Mannitol +
ONPG V +
ODC +
ONPG +
Serogroup D

A

S. sonnei

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53
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Virulence Factors
-Mediate attachment and invasion of mucosal cells.
-S. dysenteriaeproduces neurotoxin and enterotoxin
-Other species produce only enteroxin

A

Shigella

54
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Clinical Infections
-Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery
i. First Stage involves watery diarrhea
ii. Dysenteric phase - Bloody and mucoid stools

A

Shigella

55
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Disease
§Bubonic (Glandular) and Pneumonic Plaque

A

Yersinia pestis

56
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Laboratory Diagnosis
-Bipolar staining “safety pin appearance”
-Exhibit a cauliflower appearance at 48 hrs in SBA
-Exhibit a “stalactite pattern” in broth culture
-Preferential growth at 25°C to 30°C

A

Yersinia pestis

57
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Disease
-Acute enteritis (enterocolitis)
-Arthritis and Erythema nodosum

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

58
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Laboratory Diagnosis
-Bipolar staining “safety pin appearance”
-Bull’s eye colonies in CIN agar in 48 hours
-Preferential growth at 25°C to 30°C, Motile at 25°C

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

59
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Disease
Pseudotubercles

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

60
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens

Laboratory Diagnosis
-Bipolar staining “safety pin appearance”
-Motile at 18°C to 22°C

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

61
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

TSI Yellow/Orange
Christensen Urea –
Motility at 25°C –
ODC –
Sucrose –

A

Y. pestis

62
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

TSI Yellow/Orange
Christensen Urea +
Motility at 25°C+
ODC +
Sucrose +

A

Y. enterocolitica

63
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

TSI Yellow/Orange
Christensen Urea+
Motility at 25°C +
ODC –
Sucrose –

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

64
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin
inhibits gram (+) bacteria
and most gram (-) bacilli

A

Cefsulodin

65
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin
inhibits gram (+) cocci

A

Novobiocin

66
Q

Enterobacteriaceae
Primary Intestinal Pathogens
Yersinia

Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin
inhibits gram (-) bacteria

A

Crystal
violet

67
Q

O-F Media

Change in color in both tubes.
Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio, Aeromonas,
Plesiomonas and Chromobacterium

A

Fermentative

68
Q

O-F Media

Change in color in tubes w/out
mineral oil (Open tube)
Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas,
Pseudomonas, Burkholderia

A

Oxidative

69
Q

O-F Media

No change in color in both
tubes. Alcaligenes, Oligella

A

Nonsaccharolytic

70
Q

Oxidase -
Dark purple (Positive)
Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

A

Positive

71
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

-75% of nonfermenters in nosocomial bacteremias
and 5% to 15% of nosocomial infections
-Causes bacteremia, wound infection, pulmonary
disease (Cystic fibrosis patients), UTI, endocarditis,
meningitis
-Otitis media and JACUZZI/ HOT TUB syndrome

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

72
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Virulence Factor

most important exotoxin; blocks protein
synthesis

A

Exotoxin A

73
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Virulence Factor

Polysaccharide polymer in mucoid strains

A

Alginate

74
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Identifying Characteristics
1. Strict aerobic
2. Pigmented
3. FRUITY, GRAPELIKE or
“CORN TORTILLA LIKE” Odor
(2-aminoacetophenone)
4. Growth at 42°C
5. Grows in Cetrimide Agar
6. Acetamide Positive

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

75
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pigments

green- P.fluorescens/P. putida

A

Fluorescein (Pyoverdin)

76
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pigments

blue

A

Pyocyanin

77
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pigments

red

A

Pyorubin

78
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pigments

brown/black (P. stutzeri)

A

Pyomelanin

79
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Clinical significance
1. Associated with ventilators, humidifiers, catheters, etc.
2. Opportunistic (1-3% of all nosocomial infection, 2ndmost commonly
isolated non-fermenter); burns, trauma
3. About 25% of adults present in skin; 7% in pharynx
4. Ubiquitous; found in soil, water, foodstuffs

A

Acinetobacter spp

80
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Acinetobacter spp

Saccharolytic (glucose oxidizing), nonhemolytic strains.

A

A. baumannii

81
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Acinetobacter spp

Asaccharolytic, nonhemolytic strains.

A

A. lwoffii

82
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Acinetobacter spp

β-hemolytic strains.

A

A. haemolyticus

83
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Identifying Characteristics
1. Plump, paired gram negative coccobacilli

A

Acinetobacter spp.

84
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Acinetobacter spp.

may exhibit
PURPLISH hue (due to lactose
oxidation)

A

A. baumannii

85
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Acinetobacter spp.

appears with a BLUE-GREY
(cornflower blue) center
in EMB.

A

A. baumannii

86
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Clinical significance
1. Contaminants in blood drawing equipment (collection tubes, disinfectants,
transducers, venous catheters, etc.)
2. Opportunistic (3rdmost commonly isolated among nonfermenters)
3. Intrinsic resistance commonly used antibacterial agent
(aminoglycosides and beta lactams)

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

87
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Clinical significance
“Melioidosis”

-Bipolar staining (safety pin) in Gram Stain

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

88
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
Burkholderia pseudomallei

(pulmonar disease) formation of abscess

A

Melioidosis

89
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Identifying characteristics
1. Bipolar staining (safety pin) in Gram Stain
2. Smooth to wrinkled colonies in BAP
3. Wrinkled and deep pink in Ashdown media
4. “Earthy odor”
5. “Sniffing” of plate is discouraged (work on BSC)

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

90
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli
“Associated with patients with CF (cystic fibrosis) and CGD (chronic
granulomatous disease)

A

Burkholderia gladioli

91
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

-Glanders- zoonosis affecting horses,mules,donkeys. Formation of
nodular lesions in lungs. Coughing, fever and release of infectious nasal
discharge.
-Potential bioterrorist agent
-Nonmotile; non-pigmented colonies; no distinct odor

A

Burkholderia mallei

92
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: -
Pigment: Y
Glucose: +
Maltose: S/+
Growth at 42°: +/-

A

S. maltophilia

93
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: -
Pigment: -
Glucose: -
Maltose: -
Growth at 42°: -

A

A. lwoffii

94
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: -
Pigment: -
Glucose: +
Maltose: +/-
Growth at 42°: +

A

A. baumannii

95
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase:
Pyoverdin:
Pyocyanin Acetamide 42° Growth:
Gelatin hydrolysis:
LDC-ONPG:

A
96
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: +
Pyoverdin: +
Pyocyanin Acetamide 42° Growth: -
Gelatin hydrolysis: +
LDC-ONPG: -

A

P. fluorescens

97
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: +
Pyoverdin: +
Pyocyanin Acetamide 42° Growth: -
Gelatin hydrolysis: -
LDC-ONPG: -

A

P. putida

98
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: +
Pyoverdin: -
Pyocyanin Acetamide 42° Growth:
Gelatin hydrolysis:
LDC-ONPG: +/-

A

B. cepacia

99
Q

Nonfermenting Gram (-) Bacilli

Biochemical Physiologic Characteristics

Oxidase: +
Pyoverdin: -
Pyocyanin Acetamide 42° Growth:
Gelatin hydrolysis:
LDC-ONPG: -

A

B. pseudomallei

100
Q

General Characteristics
i. Dysgonic (slower or poorer
growing)
ii. Associated to SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
iii. Normal biota of the oral cavity
iv. Fail to grow in MacConkey
v. Glucose fermenter
(Require serum to the
fermentative media)
vi. Opportunistic bacteria

A

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

101
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

A

HACEK Group
1. Aggregatibacter (formerly Haemophilus) aphrophilus
2.Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus)
actinomycetemcomitans
3.Cardiobacterium hominis
4.Eikenella corrodens
5.Kingella spp.

102
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

-“foam loving” or needing high conc.of CO2
- Found in dental and gingival scrapings

A

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

103
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Virulence Factor
-Collagenase and Leukotoxin

Disease
-Destructive periodontitis
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

104
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Microscopic characteristics
-Short bacilli in pairs /chains
-Bipolar staining “Morse Code”
appearance.

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

105
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Colonial appearance
-Pinpoint (24 hr ). With
star shape with 4 to 6 point”
in the center of the colony (48 hrs).

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

106
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Disease
-Oral Infections
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Characteristics
-Fermenter (dysgonic); pits agar
-Pleomorphic gram (-) rod that
tend to form rosettes or long
filaments

A

Cardiobacterium hominis

107
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Disease
-Infections from human bites or fights
(clenched fist wounds)
-Cellulitis-needle use by drug addicts
-Oral Infections and Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Eikenella corrodens

108
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Characteristics
-Non Fermenter; Pit agar; Chlorine bleachlike odor
-Non-motile, oxidase positive, asaccharolytic,
catalase negative; yellow pigment

A

Eikenella corrodens

109
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group

Disease-major gram(-) bacteria in
bone infections in chidren below 3y.o
-Oral, blood, bone Infections
-Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Kingella spp.

110
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group
Kingella spp.

Characteristics
-Short bacilli to coccobacilli
with squared ends in pairs/in chains

-Fermenter (dysgonic); pits agar
-Nonhemolytic (–) or
β-hemolytic (K.kingae)

A

K. denitrificans

111
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
HACEK Group
Kingella spp.

Characteristics
-Short bacilli to coccobacilli
with squared ends in pairs/in chains

-Fermenter (dysgonic); pits agar
-Nonhemolytic (K. denitrificans) or
β-hemolytic (–)

A

K.kingae

112
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Infections
Periodontitis; Local infection to fulminant infection (septicemia) esp. in neutropenic patients

A

Capnocytophaga

113
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

i. Microscopy
-Thin and fusiform, spindle-shaped, coccoid and curved filaments

ii. Culture Characteristics
-Haze (gliding motility) on solid surface
-opaque, shiny; pale beige or yellowish
-Resemble HACEK in CO2 requirement
§May produce yellow pigment; can resemble colonies of E.corrodens

A

Capnocytophaga

114
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Infections
-Systemic, pneumonic and cutaneous infection
from animal (often cats) bites (zoonosis)

Laboratory Diagnosis
i. Microscopy
-Coccobacilli (ovoid, filamentous or bacilli);
Bipolar staining

ii. Culture Characteristics
-Grayish, non hemolytic, mucoid with narrow green
to brown halo around the colony

A

Pasteurella multocida

115
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Infections
-Brucellosis (Undulant/Malta fever)- zoonosis-acquired through aerosol, percutaneous and oral routes; Category B biological agents ( high morbidity, low mortality)

Symptoms: fever,malaise,headache,anorexia,myalgia

Laboratory Diagnosis
Microscopy
-Coccobacili or bacilli

Culture and Other Characteristics
-Smooth, raised and translucent colonies
-Facultative intracellular pathogens
-Biosafety Practice Level 3

A

Brucella

116
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Brucella

Natural Host:Goat or
sheep
Serum Agglutination: +
H2S (Lead
Acetate): -
Urease: V
Thionine: -
Fuchsin:-

A

B.melitensis

117
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Brucella

Natural Host:Cattle
Serum Agglutination:+
H2S (Lead
Acetate):+
Urease: +<2 hrs.
Thionine: +
Fuchsin:-

A

B. abortus

118
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Brucella

Natural Host:Swine
Serum Agglutination:+
H2S (Lead
Acetate):+
Urease: +<0.5 hrs.
Thionine: -
Fuchsin: +

A

B.suis

119
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Brucella

Natural Host:Dogs
Serum Agglutination:-
H2S (Lead
Acetate):-
Urease: +<0.5 hrs.
Thionine: -
Fuchsin:-

A

B. canis

120
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative
Bacilli

Infections- zoonosis (ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bite), highly infectious
-Tularemia (ulceroglandular, pneumonic, etc)-rabbit fever, water rat trappers disease

Laboratory Diagnosis
Microscopy
-Small, non-motile, coccobacili or bacilli

Culture and Other Characteristics
-Strictly aerobic; require cysteine, cystine or thiosulfate (SBA, BCYE agar, CHOC)
-Gray-white, smooth, raised colonies
-Biosafety Practice Level 3

A

Francisella tularensis

121
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Clinical Significance
i. Virulence Factor
a. Enter, survive and multiply within macrophages
b. Survive and multiply within free-living protozoa
c. Multiply at 20°C to 43°C and survive at 40°C to 60°C
d. Capacity to adhere and persist in piped water systems

Infections- Atypical pneumonia
a. Legionnaire’s disease- fever w/ pneumonia
(sporadic,epidemic,nosocomial)
a. Pontiac Fever- fever w/o pneumonia

A

Legionella pneumophila

122
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Epidemiology
-Aquatic sources (lakes, rivers, hot springs and mud)
-Man made distribution systems
-Humidifiers and respiratory therapy equipment

Specimen Collection and Handling
-Respiratory secretion, body fluids,
abscess, blood. Urine for Ag detection

Microscopic Examination
-Pleomorphic and weakly staining
gram (-) bacilli
-Direct immunofluorescent antibody
test, Silver or Giemsa stains

A

Legionella pneumophila

123
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Colony Morphology
-Grayish-white or blue green, convex, and glistening
measuring 2-4 mm in diameter
-Characteristic “ground-glass” colony

A

Legionella pneumophila

124
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Bordetella

Virulence Factors
facilitate attachment to ciliated
epithelial cells.

A

FHA and Pertactin

125
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Bordetella

Virulence Factors
interferes to signal transduction.

A

Pertussis toxin

126
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Bordetella

Virulence Factors
inhibits host epithelial and
immune effector cells.

A

Adenylate cyclase toxin

127
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Bordetella

Virulence Factors
causes ciliostasis and DNA
synthesis

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

128
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Clinical Manifestations
-Pertussis (whooping cough)
-Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescent phase

Epidemiology
-Droplets or direct contact with secretions
-Organism adhere and replicate on ciliated respiratory
epithelial cells

A

Bordetella
Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis

129
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Microscopic and Colony morphology
-Tiny gram-negative
coccobacilli
-Smooth, glistening
and silver, resembling
mercury droplets

A

Bordetella
Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis

130
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Bordetella
Laboratory Diagnosis

Charcoal-horse blood + (3-5 d)
Blood agar -
Mac/Catalase/Motility -
Oxidase +
Urease -

A

B. pertussis

131
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Bordetella
Laboratory Diagnosis

Charcoal-horse blood + (2-3 d)
Blood agar +
Mac/Catalase/Motility -
Oxidase -
Urease + 24 hours

A

B. parapertussis

132
Q

Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli

Bordetella
Laboratory Diagnosis

Charcoal-horse blood + (1-2 d)
Blood agar +
Mac/Catalase/Motility +
Oxidase +
Urease + 4 hours

A

B. bronchiseptica

FINAL BACTERIOLOGY (7 decks)

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