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FINAL BACTERIOLOGY > SEMR: Gram (+) bacilli > Flashcards

SEMR: Gram (+) bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

-Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
-Catalase Positive

-Slightly curved, gram (+) rods,
PALLISADING (PICKET fence)
-Club shape appearance
-“Chinese letter” arrangement

A

Corynebacterium spp.

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2
Q

-AKA as Klebs-Loeffler’s bacillus
-Diphtheria Toxin

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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3
Q

Microscopy
-(pallisadesor as V and L forms)
-(Babes-Ernst granules)

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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4
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive

Tinsdale’s Halo: +
Urease: -
Gelatin Hydrolysis: -

A

C.diphtheriae

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5
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive

Tinsdale’s Halo: +
Urease: +
Gelatin Hydrolysis: +

A

C.ulcerans

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6
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive

Tinsdale’s Halo: +
Urease: +
Gelatin Hydrolysis: -

A

C. pseudo-tuberculosis

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7
Q

Test for Toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Elek Test

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8
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive

Tinsdale’s Halo: -
Urease: -
Gelatin Hydrolysis: -

A

C.jeikeium

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9
Q

Virulence Factor
1. Hemolysin (Listeriolysin O)
2. Protein p60

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
Virulence Factor

A hemolytic and cytotoxictoxin that
damages the phagosomemembrane

A

Hemolysin (Listeriolysin O)

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11
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
Virulence Factor

Induces phagocytosisthrough increased
adhesion and penetration into mammalian
cells.

A

Protein p60

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12
Q

Clinical Infections

Pregnant Women:
Stillbirth and
Spontaneous abortion

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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13
Q

Clinical Infections

New Born: Bacteremia and meningitis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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14
Q

Clinical Infections

Immunosuppressed Host: Meningitis and endocarditis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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15
Q

Microscopy:
Gram (+) rods or
coccobacilli in pairs
or in short chains

Cultural Characteristics:
Small, round, smooth
translucent . NARROW
zone of β-hemolysis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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16
Q

-Very small zone
-β Hemolysis
-37°C
-Metachromatic granules
Pleomorphic (V and L forms)
-Nonmotile
-Black colonies w/
brown halo (CTBA)
-Elek test

A

C. diphtheriae

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17
Q

-Narrow zone
-β Hemolysis
-30°C - 35°C (0.5 °C - 45°C)
-UMBRELLA Shape
INVERTED CHRISTMAS TREE
-TUMBLING MOTILITY
-Hippurate and Bile Esculin
Hydrolysis (+)
-CAMP (+): Rectangle

A

L. monocytogenes

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18
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Positive
(2)

A

C. diptheriae
L. monocytogenes

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19
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Negative
(3)

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Arcanobacterium

Gardnerella vaginalis

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20
Q

localized painful skin infection
(work related inoculation)

A

Erysipeloid

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21
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Negative
Clinical Infections

Erysipeloid
Septicemia
Diffuse cutaneous infection

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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22
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
drug of choice

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

Microscopy
-Thin, filamentous gram
(+) rods
-Arrange singly, in short
chains or V shape
-Gram variable

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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24
Q

Culture Characteristics

i. Rough colonies
*Large, rough, curled
with irregular edges

ii. Smooth colonies
*small, smooth, transparent

iii. α-hemolytic after
prolonged incubation

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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25
Q

Identification
-“TEST-TUBE BRUSH LIKE”
pattern at 22°C in gelatin stab
-Produces Hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) in TSI
-Non-motile, pleomorphic
-Negative: Urease, V-P, Esculinhydrolysis

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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26
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Negative
Clinical Infections

Clinical Infection
i. Pharyngitis
ii. Cervical lymphadenopathy
iii. Rash and desquamation of hands and feet
iv. Soft tissue and sepsis

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

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27
Q

Microscopy
1. Curved, gram (+) rods
with pointed ends and
rudimentary branching.
2. Exhibit coccal forms after
48 hours of growth

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

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28
Q

Culture Characteristics
-Small colonies; may be
β-hemolytic (narrow zone)
-Pits Agar
-Black opaque dot is
observed when the colony
is scraped

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

29
Q

-Lipase and Lecithinase positive (EYA)
-Exhibit REVERSE CAMP REACTION due to
production of phospholipase D that
inhibits β-lysin.
-Erythromycin is the drug of choice

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

30
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

Exhibit reverse camp reaction due to
production of – that
inhibits β-lysin.

A

phospholipase D

31
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

Exhibit reverse camp reaction due to
production of phospholipase D that
inhibits–.

A

β-lysin

32
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Negative

Clinical Infections
-Bacterial vaginosis
-Less commonly associated in UTI

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

33
Q

malodorous discharge and
vaginal pH > 4.5) reduce Lactobacillus in vagina
Polymicrobial including Mobiluncus spp,
Prevotella spp

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis

34
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Catalase Negative

Microscopy
1. Pleomorphic, gram
variable coccobacillus
or short rod.
2. Characteristic “clue
cells” in wet mount. of
vaginal fluid.

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

35
Q

Presumptive Test for Gardnerella vaginalis

fishlike odor, after the addition of 1 drop of 10% KOH to the
vaginal washings.

A

Whiff Test

36
Q

drug of choice for Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

37
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Catalase: +
Motility (25°C): -
Esculin Hydrolysis: -
H2S (TSI): -
Hemolysis: beta
Urease: -

A

c. diptheriae

38
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Catalase: +
Motility (25°C): +
Esculin Hydrolysis: +
H2S (TSI): -
Hemolysis: beta
Urease: -

A

L. monocytogenes

39
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Catalase: -
Motility (25°C): -
Esculin Hydrolysis: -
H2S (TSI): +
Hemolysis: gamma, alpha
Urease: -

A

E. rhusiopathiae

40
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Catalase: -
Motility (25°C): -
Esculin Hydrolysis: -
H2S (TSI): -
Hemolysis: beta
Urease: -

A

A. haemolyticum

41
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Catalase: -
Motility (25°C): -
Esculin Hydrolysis: -
H2S (TSI): -
Hemolysis: gamma
Urease: +

A

G. vaginalis

42
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes

present in dust or soil or plant material

A

Nocardia

43
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes

Virulence Factor
-Superoxide dismutase and catalase
-Nocobactin – iron chelating compound

A

Nocardia

44
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes

Clinical Infections-immunocompromised
Pulmonary infections

A

N. asteroides

45
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes

Clinical Infections-
Cutaneous infections

A

N. brasiliensis

46
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes

Clinical Infections-yellow-orange pus,
granular (“sulfur granules”)

A

Actinomycoticmycetomas

47
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes
Other Actinomycetes

Gram Stain:
Moderate weaving, interwining branching

A

Actinomadura

48
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes
Other Actinomycetes

Gram Stain:
Extensive branching with chains & spores

A

Streptomyces

49
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes
Other Actinomycetes

Gram Stain: Short Rods

A

Gordonia

50
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes
Other Actinomycetes

Gram Stain: Long bacilli that fragments

A

Tsukamurella

51
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Branching Actinomycetes
Other Actinomycetes

Gram Stain: Diptheroid like or coccobacillary (“zigzag”)

A

Rhodococcus

52
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Virulence Factors
1. Glutamic acid capsule resistant to host
proteolytic enzymes
2. Exotoxins

A

Bacillus anthracis

53
Q

Bacillus anthracis
Exotoxins

Binding molecule to EF/LF

A

Protective factor

54
Q

Bacillus anthracis
Exotoxins

Adenylate cyclase that
causes edema

A

Edema Factor (EF)

55
Q

Bacillus anthracis
Exotoxins

Protease that kills
host cells

A

Lethal factor (LF)

56
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Clinical infections
Cutaneous anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

57
Q

Bacillus anthracis
Clinical infections

-Most common but least severe.
Occurs at the site of spore penetration.
-Manifested by erythematous papule to
ulceration and to formation of eschar.

A

Cutaneous anthrax

58
Q

Microscopy

-Large, gram (+), square-
ended, gram (+) rod,
singly or in chains.
-“Bamboo rod” appearance
-Spores are oval, located
centrally to subterminally

A

Bacillus anthracis

59
Q

Cultural Characteristics

-Nonhenmolytic, large, gray and flat
with irregular margin(“MEDUSA HEAD”)
-Large and MMUCOID COLONIES in
bicarbonate agar.
-BEATEN EGG WHITE consistency
-Produces “STRING OF PEARLS” in MH Agar
containing 0.05 -0.5 U/mLpenicillin

A

Bacillus anthracis

60
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Has 2 clinical infection forms:
1. Diarrheal
2. Emetic

A

Bacillus cereus

61
Q

Incubation period: 8-16 hours
Predominant symptoms: Diarrhea
Duration of illness: 12-24 (24)hours
Food Implicated: Meat producers
Stability to heat: Negative

A

Diarrheal
Bacillus cereus

62
Q

Incubation period: 1-5 hours
Predominant symptoms: Vomiting
Duration of illness: 6-24 (9) hours
Food Implicated: Fried and Boiled Rice
Stability to heat: Positive

A

Emetic
Bacillus cereus

63
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Lecithinase: +
Motile:-
Penicillin Sensitivity:+
Parasporal Crystals:-

A

B. anthracis

64
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Lecithinase: +
Motile:+
Penicillin Sensitivity:-
Parasporal Crystals:-

A

B. cereus

65
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Lecithinase: +
Motile:+
Penicillin Sensitivity:-
Parasporal Crystals:+

A

B. thuringiensis

66
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Lecithinase: +
Motile: -
Penicillin Sensitivity: -
Parasporal Crystals: -

A

B. mycoides

67
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Hemolysis: -
String of Pearls: +
Gelatin Hydrolysis: -
Growth in PEA: -

A

B. anthracis

68
Q

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore-Forming

Hemolysis: +
String of Pearls: -
Gelatin Hydrolysis: +
Growth in PEA: +

A

B. cereus

FINAL BACTERIOLOGY (7 decks)

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