SEMIS - OLEDAN Flashcards

1
Q

is a term for the broad
category of neonates born at less
than 37 weeks & 39 weeks gestation

A

Prematurity

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2
Q

is the leading neonatal
mortality and the most common
reason for antenatal hospital.

A

Preterm birth

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3
Q

born between 34 and
36 completed weeks of pregnancy.

A

late preterm

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4
Q

born between
32 weeks and 34 weeks of
pregnancy.

A

moderately preterm

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5
Q

born at less than 32
weeks of pregnancy

A

very preterm

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6
Q

born on before
25weeks of Pregnancy.

A

extremely preterm

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7
Q

Initial Management begins
_____
if there is a threat of preterm delivery
identified.

A

antenatal

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8
Q

The delivery of an extremely preterm
infant should be planned for a
hospital with a ______

A

tertiary level neonatal
unit.

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9
Q
  • translucent, smooth, shiny
    (edematous). visible blood vessels
A

skin

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10
Q

” relaxed attitude”, limbs
more extended, the body size is
small, the head is somewhat larger in
proportion) on to the body size.

A

posture

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11
Q

cartilages are poorly developed,
and may fold easly

A

ear

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12
Q

appears turgid, less creases.

A

sole

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13
Q

clitoris is prominent, labia
majora are poorly develop and
gaping.

A

female genital

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14
Q
  • scrotum is undeveloped and
    not pendulous. Minimal rugae, testes
    may be in the inguinal canals or in
    abdominal cavity-
A

male genital

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15
Q

abundant over the body,
but sparse, fine, and fuzzy on the
head

A

lanugo

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16
Q

abundant over the
body

A

vernix caseosa

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17
Q

are unable to maintain
body temperature, have limited ability to
excrete solutes in the urine and have an
increased susceptibility to infection.

A

premature infants

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18
Q

periodic breathers, period of rapid
respirations, separated by periods of
slow breathing.

A

Apnea of Prematurity

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19
Q

condition of the surfactant deficiency
and physiologic immaturity of the
thorax

A

respiratory distress syndrome

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20
Q

occurs when a fetus passes out
meconium while in the utero due to
intrauterine stress.

A

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

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21
Q

or septicemia, refers to a generalized
bacterial infection in the
bloodstream.

A

Sepsis

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22
Q

other name of Sepsis

A

septicemia

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23
Q

Neonates are highly
susceptible to infection because of

A

diminished nonspecific
(inflammation) and specific
(humoral) immunity

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24
Q

diminished nonspecific
(inflammation) and specific
(humoral) immunity examples

A

impaired phagocytosis, delayed &
absence of immunoglobulin.

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25
refers to an excessive level of accumulated bilirubin in the blood and is characterized by jaundice or icterus
Hyperbilirubinemia
26
sudden death of infant under 1 year of age. Time of death is during sleep. It is common in premature infant especially low birth weight, neonates with low APGAR score and infant with CNS disturbance and respiratory disorders. Feeding habits is also one of cause of SIDS.
Sudden Death Syndrome
27
Their little bodies still have areas that need to mature and fully develop. Some of these areas include the
 Lungs  Digestive system  Immune system  skin
28
This is commonly used to help assess the respiratory and metabolic state of the Infant.
blood gas
29
Imaging or Invasive tests
 Chest x-ray  Abdominal x-ray
30
Your baby will probably stay in an enclosed plastic bassinet (incubator)that keep warm to help your baby maintain normal body temperature.
placed in incubator
31
At first your baby may receive fluid and nutrients through an intravenous (IV) tube.
feeding tbue
32
with direct skin to-Skin contact
kangaroo care
33
Refers to any baby born after 42 weeks gestation past the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.
POST MATURITY?
34
Risks can increase during labor and birth fetus with
poor with oxygen supply
35
Problems may occur during birth if the baby is
large
36
Post premature babies may be at risk for ______ when a baby breathes in fluld containing the first stool
meconium aspiration
37
SIGNS OF POST MATURITY?
 Before deliver there may be reduced fetal movement.  A reduced volume of amniotic gluid may cause reduction in the size of the uterus.  Meconium-stained amniotic fluid may be seen when the membranes have rupture.
38
is done by monitoring the baby's heart rate in a small device that is placed on the mothers a abdomin.
non stress test
39
These tests give information about the health of the fetus and about the risks of allowing the pregnant to continue.
Antenatal fetal monitoring
40
assessment of amniotic fluid volume and fetal movement, tone, breathing, and heart rate
Biophysical profile
41
is recommended over expectant management in a woman post-term pregnancy to reduce rate of cesarean delivery.
induction of labor
42
(or “stripping) may be used to prevent post-term pregnancy.  Reduces the percentage of patients going post-term from 41% to 23%.
membrane sweeping
43
Reserved for women decline induction or labor have a contraindication.
conservative management
44
an infant whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the percentile on intrauterine growth curves. less than 2500 grams or 5 lbs. 8 oz.
small for gestation age SGA
45
– 2.5kg  Preterm babies  Small for age Babies
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
46
TYPE OF SGA:
1. Malnourished SGA 2. Hypoplastic SGA 3. Mixed SGA
47
 Most Common type of SGA  Asymmetric IUGR  2/3 rd of IUGR  Malnourishment during latter part of gestation - placental dysfunction (uteroplacental insufficiency)
1. Malnourished SGA
48
 Symmetric lUGR  1/3 rd of lUGR  Growth retardation in early pregnancy intrauterine infection, genetic defects, chromosomal aberrations  Incidence of anomalies 10 - 20 times higher
2.Hypoplastic SGA
49
 Adverse factors during both early & mid pregnant  Neither obvious malnourished, nor grossly hypoplastic  Decrease in both cell size and count.
MIXED SGA
50
Causes of SGA
1. Maternal 2. Fetal 3. Placental 4. Environmental
51
MATERNAL FACTORS SGA
1. Maternal Nutrition 2. Previous History 3. Grandmultipara 4. Maternal disease 5. Smoking tobacco, Alcohol 6. Poor weight gain
52
FETAL FACTORS SGA
1. First born. 2. Genetic defects 3. Multiple gestation 4. IU Infection
53
PLACENTA FACTORS SGA
1. Abruption 2. Placenta infarct 3. Structural abnormality 4. Vascular thrombosis
54
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SGA
1. Ethnic/racial/geographic 2. Socio-economic status 3. Nutritional
55
MANAGEMENT OF SGA
 Emergency CS - fetal distress  Screening for congenital malformations  Early and adequate breast feeding (NGT/IVF)  Correct hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythen  Control infections, temperature regulation
56
 an infant whose birth weight falls above the 90th percentil on intrauterine growth chart  birth weight of more than 4000 grams or 8lbs. and 13oz
Large Gestational Age (LGA)
57
 Most Common cause for LGA fetus
MATERNAL DIABETES
58
 Increased Adiposity  Increased Skin fold thickness  Visceromegaly (liver)
MACROSOMIA
59
Mean birth wt is higher in babies with Congenital hypothyroidism.
CRETINISM
60
 large size due to generalised ansarca rather than due to stomatic growth  Birth weight may also be related to the amount of weight a mother gain during pregnancy.  Excessive weight gain — increased fetal weight
HYDROPS FETALIS
61
How is LGA diagnosed
.  Ultrasound  A mother's weight gain
62
Prevention of LGA
 Prenatal care.  Careful management of diabetes  Proper weight gain
63
) describes a fetus or newborn infant whose size is within the normal range for his or her gestational age
Appropriate for gestational age (AGA
64
Appropriate for Gestational Age: birthweight b/w
10th & 90th percentile
65
An appropriate for gestational age full term infant is heavier than
2500 grams and lighter than about 4000 grams
66
SGA weight
less 10th percentile.
67
an intestinal obstruction in children between the ages of 3 months and 3 years old. The peak occurrence is between the ages of 5 to 9 months old
Intussusception
68
This is the sign of inadequate growth resulting of inability to obtain or use the calories required for growth.
Congenital Problem: Failure to Thrive
69
Categories of Failure to Thrive
1. Organic failure to thrive (OFTT) 2. Nonorganic failure to thrive (NFTT) Idiopathic failure to thrive
70
result of a physical cause such as  Congenital heart defects  Neurologic lesions  Cerebral palsy  Microcephaly,  Chronic renal failure  Gastroesophageal reflux  Malabsorption syndrome  Endocrine dysfunction,  AIDS
1. Organic failure to thrive (OFTT)
71
Unrelated to diseases most often psychosocial factors such as:  Parental knowledge of nutrition  Deficiency in maternal care  Disturbance in maternal-child attachment  Disturbance in the child's ability to separate from parent, leading to food refusal to maintain attention.
2. Nonorganic failure to thrive (NFTT)
72
unexplained by the usual organic and environmental causes but may also be classified as NFTT.
Idiopathic failure to thrive
73
(cerebral gigantism)  large baby  macrognathia  large hands & feet  mentally subnormal  lag in maturation of carpal bones
Sotos syndrome
74
 The condition is generally described as cramping that is manifested by loud crying and drawing the legs up to the abdomen.  Duration of cry greater than 3 hours a day occurring more than 3 days per week
Congenital Problem: Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain (Colic)
75
____ is more common in infants under the age off 3 months old
Colic
76
 Infants with "difficult" temperaments are more likely to be _____
colicky.
77
 Colic is ______ and, in most cases, resolves as the infant matures
self-limiting
78
(Down Syndrome)
Trisomy 21
79
 Cause is not known.  Genetic predisposition  Exposure to radiation before conception  Immunologic problems and infection  Greater risk for older women (over the age of 35)  Translocation of chromosome 21 (this type is advanced parental age)  Usually hereditary and is not associated with advance parental age
Trisomy 21
80
Development may be _____ beyond the mental age, especially during the early childhood.
2-3 years
81
_______have congenital heart disease, renal agenesis, duodenal atresia, Hirschsprung disease and tracheoesophageal fistula
40% to 45%
82
down syndrome Skeletal defects include ______
patella dislocation instability of the vertebrae
83
it is the most common craniofacial malfvenation and occurs with a frequency of 1 in 700 live births.
Cleft Lip and Palate
84
The cleft may be __________ and is often associated with abnormal development of the external nose, nasal cartilages, nasal septum, and maxillary alveola ridge.
unilateral or bilateral
85
occurs when the primary and secondary palatine plates fail to fuse during embryonic development.
Cleft Palate
86
- it may involve only the soft palate or may extend into the hard palate
Cleft Palate
87
- it may occur only in the midline of the posterior palate or may extend to the nostril on one or both side.
Cleft Palate
88
Feed infant in an __________ to decrease possibility of fluid being aspirated or returned through the nose or back to the auditory canal.
upright, sitting position
89
The cleft lip is generally repaired before the palate defect. - Immediate repair= ??
several hours to several weeks after birth.
90
cleft palate Later repair when infant is
6 to 12 - Weeks old
91
Cleft palate repair may be done any time between ages _________
6 months and 5 years.
92
- because speech patterns have not been set, yet growth of involved structures allows for improved surgical repair.
Repair at age 9 to 18 months may be preferred
93
- a special denture palate is used to help occlude the cleft and aid in establishing speech patterns
If repair is delayed to age 4 or 5,
94
Use ___________ and insert from the _____ to avoid suture line or to avoid stimulating sucking.
dropper or syringe with a rubber tip. side