semis Flashcards
molecules in living systems that serve crucial functions in biological processes
Protein
These are bio-polymeric structures which are composed of amino acids (building blocks)
Protein
Proteins are constructed from _____ amino acids.
20
are the monomers that make up proteins.
amino acids`
consists of a central carbon bonded to an _____group, _____group, and _______
Amino group, Carboxyl group, and hydrogen atom
protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino acids each of which is called a
Polypeptide
R groups are classified based on their polarity as
Hydrophobic (non-polar)
Hydrophilic (polar)
2 classifications of Hydrophobic (non-polar)
6 R=Alkyl
2 R=Aromatic
3 classifications of hydrophilic (polar)
2 Acidic
7 Neutral
3 Basic
Non-polar–alkyl amino acids are consisting of
Methyl group (CH3)
non-polar–Aromatic amino acid has what ring?
Indole Ring
Phenyl Ring
Polar–Acidic amino acid has
carboxylic group
A polar amino acid that contains various functional groups
Neutral amino acid
A polar amino acid that has a high pH level
Basic amino acid
Amino acids in a protein chain are linked to their neighbor by a covalent bond called
Peptide bond
Each protein in the cell is consists of ______ polypeptide chains.
one or more
Each chain is made up of _______ link together in a specific order.
sequences of amino acids
peptide bonds are form by a ______
dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
Meaning, it has two ends that are chemically distinct from each other
Directionality
In one end, the polypeptide has free amino group, and is called
N-terminus
The other end which has a carboxyl group and is known as the ____.
C-terminus.
is a chain of 20 or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Polypeptide
An _______ is a chain of less than 20 amino acids.
oligopeptide
this protein structure is the arrangement of amino acids in a linear polypeptide chain.
Primary structure
this pertains to the local folded structures that form within a polypeptide due to interactions between atoms of the backbone.
Secondary structure
is formed when the carbonyl group (C=O) of one amino acid is hydrogen-bonded to the amino group (N-H) of the fourth amino acid in the sequence.
Alpha helix structure
two or more segments of polypeptide chain are lined-up next to each other.
Beta sheet or strand
the polypeptide’s unique 3-dimensional structure
Tertiary structure
This structure of proteins is attributed to the interaction that happens between the R-groups of the amino acids.
Tertiary structure
structure of a protein is the aggregation of multiple polypeptide chain known as subunits.
Quaternary structure
these types of proteins are insoluble in water and are mainly involved in supportive and protective function in organism.
Fibrous protein
these types of proteins are soluble in water and have a metabolic function role such as enzymes, hormones and antibodies
Globular protein
these forms the different body structure of an organism
structural proteins
biological catalyst that speeds up metabolic reactions of cells.
Enzyme
are protein in nature and these include glucagon, insulin and adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hormones
colored proteins that are conjugated and contain pigments such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Respiratory pigments
these proteins are involved in muscle contraction at the expense of ATP molecules
Contractile proteins
these proteins mainly function in storage of nutrients such as metal ions and amino acids in the cells
Storage protein
these are proteins which are responsible in transporting molecules to their destination.
Transport protein
involved in protecting the organism from foreign substance
Defense proteins
derived/from organisms like snakes and other toxic animals
toxins
amino acids that cannot be made by the body
Essential amino acids
are amino acids that can be synthesized by the body
Non-essential Amino acids
is term used to refer to any change in the three-dimensional structure of a protein that disables it to perform its specific function in the body.
Denaturation
the protein in egg known as
Albumin
