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Biochemistry > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of atoms that give properties to the compounds to which they attach

A

Functional group

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2
Q

large organic molecules that form by polymerization

A

Macromolecules

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3
Q

compound that its formula is (C=O) C double bonded O

A

Ketone

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4
Q

compound that its formula is (O–H) volatile

A

Alcohol
Flammable
*Volatile–easily evaporates

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5
Q

compound that its formula is (O=C–H) O Double bonded to C and single bonded to H

A

Aldehyde

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6
Q

compound that its formula is (O=C–O–H)

A

Organic acid

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7
Q

Functional group that has (–OH or HO–)

A

Hydroxyl

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8
Q

Functional group that has (>CO)

A

Carbonyl

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9
Q

Functional group that has (–COOH)

A

Carboxyl

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10
Q

Functional group that has (NH2 or H2N)

A

Amino

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11
Q

compound that its formula is (O=C–OH)

A

Carboxyl

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12
Q

Compound that its formula is (N<HH)

A

Amines

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13
Q

Large molecules

A

Polymers

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14
Q

Polymers are made by stringing together many smaller molecules called___

A

monomers

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15
Q

4 examples of polymers

A

Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrate
Nucleic acid

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16
Q

In linking monomers, the process of removing a molecule of water is called___

A

Condensation or dehydration synthesis

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17
Q

This process joins two sugar monomers to make a double sugar

A

Condensation or dehydration synthesis

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18
Q

Cells break down macromolecules by a process (Adding molecules of water) called____

A

Hydrolysis

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19
Q

This process is where water is added to split double sugar

A

Hydrolysis

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20
Q

Small sugar molecules in soft drinks; Long starch molecules in pasta and potatoes

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

It is called simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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22
Q

Have the same chemical, but different structural formulas (C6H12O6)

A

Monosaccharides

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23
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

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24
Q

Monosaccharide found in

A

sports drink

25
Q

Monosaccharide found in fruits

A

Fructose

26
Q

Honey Contains

A

Glucose and Fructose

27
Q

Monosaccharide called “Milk sugar”

A

Galactose

28
Q

Glucose and fructose are ____ because their structures are different, but their chemical formulas are the same

A

Isomers

29
Q

In aqueous (watery) solutions, monosaccharides form _____ structures

A

Ring

30
Q

Monosaccharides are the main _____ that cells use for cellular work

A

Fuel

31
Q

It’s an is a double sugar, made by joining two monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

32
Q

Common disaccharides include:

A

Sucrose (table sugar)
Lactose (Milk Sugar)
Maltose (Grain sugar)

33
Q

Disaccharide composed of Glucose and Fructose

A

Sucrose

34
Q

Disaccharide composed of 2 glucose molecules

A

Maltose

35
Q

Disaccharide made of galactose + glucose

A

Lactose

36
Q

Complex carbohydrates, composed of many sugar monomers linked together

A

Polysaccharides

37
Q

Polymers of monosaccharide chains

A

Polysaccharides

38
Q

Examples of Polysaccharide

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

39
Q

an example of a polysaccharide in plants

A

Starch

40
Q

an example of a polysaccharide in animals

A

Glycogen

41
Q

the most abundant organic compound on Earth, it forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plants

A

Cellulose

42
Q

IS A FORM BY JOINING MONOMER OF GLUCOSE AND MONOMER OF FRUCTOSE

A

Disaccharide

43
Q

Simple sugars and double sugars dissolve readily in water. They are _______ or “water loving

A

Hydrophilic

44
Q

Presence of this ____ group makes sugar soluble

A

–OH Groups

45
Q

Lipids are “water fearing” or _____

A

Hydrophobic

46
Q

a fatty acid that has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons (all single bonds between carbons)

A

Saturated fatty acids

47
Q

a fatty acid that has less than the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons (a double bond between carbons)

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

48
Q

Monomer of lipids, Composed of Glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains

A

Triglyceride

49
Q

forms the “backbone” of the fat

A

Glycerol

50
Q

Cell membranes are made of lipids called

A

Phospholipids

51
Q

the “base steroid” from which your body produces other steroids

A

Cholesterol

52
Q

are polymers made of monomers called amino acids

A

Protein

53
Q

All proteins are made of ________ linked in different orders

A

20 different amino acids

54
Q

are used to build cells, act as hormones & enzymes, and do much of the work in a cell

A

Proteins

55
Q

The process where cells link amino acids together to make proteins

A

Condensation or dehydration

56
Q

a bonds form to hold the amino acids together

A

Peptide bonds

57
Q

this controls the rate of chemical reactions by weakening bonds, thus lowering the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction

A

Enzyme

58
Q
A

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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