Cell Physiology

Question 1

movement of substance into and out of the cell

Answer 1

Membrane transport

Question 2

homogeneous mixture of two or more components

Answer 2

Solution

Question 3

dissolving medium

Answer 3

Solvent

Question 4

components in smaller quantities within a solution

Answer 4

Solutes

Question 5

fluid on the exterior of the cell

Answer 5

Interstitial fluid

Question 5

nucleoplasm and cytosol

Answer 5

Intracellular fluid

Question 6

The plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others
includes movement into and out of the cell

Answer 6

selective permeability

Question 7

Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution.
Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

simple diffusion of water
Highly polar water easily crosses the plasma membrane

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 8

Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure

Answer 8

Filtration

Question 8

Unassisted process
Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

Answer 8

Simple diffusion

Question 9

Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

Answer 9

Facilitated diffusion

Question 10

ATP energizes protein carriers, and in most cases, moves substances against concentration gradients

Answer 10

Solute pumping

Question 11

Extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle

Answer 11

Endocytosis

Question 11

Two types of bulk transport

Answer 11

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

Question 11

Types of endocytosis

Answer 11

Phagocytosis – cell eating
Pinocytosis – cell drinking

Question 12

Cell grows
Cell carries on metabolic processes

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

Cell replicates itself
Function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

Answer 13

Cell division

Question 14

Occurs toward the end of interphase

Answer 14

DNA Replication

Question 15

Division of the nucleus
Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei

Answer 15

Mitosis

Question 16

Division of the cytoplasm
Begins when mitosis is near completion
Results in the formation of two daughter cells

Answer 16

Cytokinesis

Question 17

Spindle from centromeres are attached to chromosomes that are aligned in the center of the cell

Answer 17

Metaphase

Question 17

First part of cell division
Centromeres migrate to the poles

Answer 17

Prophase

Question 18

Daughter nuclei begin forming
A cleavage furrow (for cell division) begins to form

Answer 18

Telophase

Question 19

DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein

Answer 19

Gene

Question 20

Daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles The cell begins to elongate

Answer 20

Anaphase

Question 21

Functions of protein

Answer 21

Building materials for cells Act as enzymes (biological catalysts)

Question 22

essential for protein synthesis

Answer 22

RNA

Question 23

Transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein

Answer 23

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 24

Helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built

Answer 24

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 25

Carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 25

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 26

Transfer of information from DNA’s base sequence to the complimentary base sequence of mRNA

Answer 26

Transcription

Question 27

Base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence

Answer 27

Translation

Question 28

the building blocks of proteins

Answer 28

Amino acids