Cell anatomy Flashcards
Basic unit of life
Cell
Building blocks of matter
Cells
Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life
Cell
groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Tissues
All cells share general structures
(True or False)
True
Cells are all the same
(True or false)
False
The three main regions of cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma membrane
Control center of the cell
The Nucleus
Contains genetic material (DNA)
The Nucleus
Three regions of Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Barrier of nucleus, Protects the nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Consists of a double phospholipid membrane
Nuclear Membrane
Contain nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell
Nuclear Membrane
Sites of ribosome production
Nucleoli
Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through ____
Nuclear Pores
Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
(True or false)
True
Composed of DNA and protein, Scattered throughout the nucleus
Chromatin
it condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides
Chromatin
Barrier for cell contents
Cell/Plasma Membrane
Double phospholipid layer of Plasma membrane
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Other materials in plasma membrane
Protein
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption
Microvilli
Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
3 Membrane junctions under Plasma membrane Specialization
Tight junctions-branching network
Desmosomes-anchoring
Gap junctions-cellular communication
Fluid that suspends other elements
Cytosol
Metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
Made of protein and RNA, Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Ribosomes is Found at two locations
-Free in the cytoplasm
-Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Two types of ER
Smooth and rough ER
Studded with ribosomes, Site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed
Rough ER
Functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs
Smooth ER
Modifies and packages proteins
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus produces 3 different types of packages, namely:
Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes
Contain enzymes that digest non usable materials within the cell
Lysosomes
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Peroxisomes
Detoxify harmful substances
Break down free radicals
(highly reactive chemicals)
Peroxisomes
“Powerhouses” of the cell
Mitochondria
Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
Mitochondria
Provides ATP for cellular energy
Mitochondria
Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Provides the cell with an internal framework
Cytoskeleton
Three different types of cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
Centrioles
Direct formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
Centrioles
Not found in all cells, Used for movement
Cellular Projections
moves materials across the cell surface
cilia
it propels the cell
Flagellum
Cells that connect body parts
Connective tissue, Fibroblast
Cells that cover and line body organs
Epithelial Cell
Cells that move organs and body parts
Skeletal muscle cell, smooth muscle cell
Cell that stores nutrient
Fat cell *vacuole
to store energy in the form of lipids
Fat cell or adipocyte
Cell that fights disease
Macrophage cell-specialized white blood cell
cells that gather information and controls body function
Nerve cell
Cells of reproduction
egg cell and sperm cell
