Seminar - Cancer

Question 1

what is a population-based cancer registry

Answer 1

systematically records all cancers diagnosed in specific population
incidence
link to death ceritifcates to measure prevalence and survival

Question 2

how many cancer registries are there in europe

Answer 2

161

Question 3

outline the study of geographical variations in ireland for cancer

Answer 3

investigated urban-rural variations in cancer incidence, adjusting for SES
1995-2007
found a lower incidence of prostate cander in urban areas and higher incidence of head and neck cancer in urban areas

Question 4

what can explain the cancer ireland incidence

Answer 4

positively associated with higher population density
this is ehypothesis for investigation in new studies could focus on - urban-rural variations in access to screening and diagnostic services and risk factors

Question 5

what is the smoking example

Answer 5

hypothesis - smoking adversely affects outcomes in people with cancer
large population-based study
followed up for 5 years

Question 6

what did the smoking study find

Answer 6

smokers have higher incidence of cancer specific deaths at 5 years than non smokers
is this because the groups differ in different ways? - age, cancer stage at diagnosis?

Question 7

what did the smoking study find

Answer 7

current smokers have a 36% higher rate of death from cancer at 5 years than never smokers

Question 8

what is analytical epidemiology

Answer 8

aims to research and study risk and protective factors of diseases
test hypotheses
usually case-control and cohort study designs

Question 9

what is the breast cancer cohort study example

Answer 9

adjuvant hormone therapy reduces recurrence rate for women with oestrogen receptor positive early breast cancer - 5 yrs of treatment required for optimal benefit
hypothesis-women with early BC who stop taking hormone early have increased risk of recurrence

Question 10

what did the breast cancer study conclude

Answer 10

women who do not persist with hormone therapy have almost 3 fold increased risk of their breast cancer returning

Question 11

what can be discussed about the breast cancer study

Answer 11

strong association between non persisting hormone therapy and breast cancer recurrence
many women with breast cancer struggle to take hormone therapy because of side effects
so need to develop new strategies to support women to persist with hormone therapy