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Bacteriology Lecture (Midterm- Finals) > SEMIFINAL: Neisseria & Moraxella > Flashcards

SEMIFINAL: Neisseria & Moraxella Flashcards

1
Q

All species are cytochrome oxidase and catalase positive except for?

A

N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens and N. bacilliformis

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2
Q

Considered second most
commonly reported STDs

A

Gonorrhea

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3
Q

Localized to the mucosal surfaces (urethra, endocervix, anal canal, pharynx, and conjunctiva)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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4
Q

This may cause sterility, ectopic pregnancy, or perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome)

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

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5
Q

A gonococcal eye infection during vaginal delivery through an infected birth canal

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

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6
Q

Treatment for opthalmia neonatorum

A

Antimicrobial eye drops, generally erythromycin

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7
Q

These species of Neisseria is exclusively found only in
humans

A

N. meningitidis & N. gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

When N. meningitidis enters the bloodstream, two main diseases can occur

A

fulminant meningococcemia & meningitis

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9
Q

This may occur with or without meningitis and carries a 25% mortality rate, even if treated

A

Meningococcemia, or sepsis

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10
Q

Hemorrhaging of blood into skin and mucous
membranes, producing bruises

A

Purpura

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11
Q

Enumerate the virulence factors of Neisseria

A
  • Receptors for human transferrin
  • Capsule (N. meningitidis)
  • Pili (fimbriae)
  • Cell membrane proteins
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) or endotoxin
  • Immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease
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12
Q

Fine hairlike projections that are important in the initial attachment of the organism to host tissues

A

Pili (fimbriae)

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13
Q

Inhibit phagocytosis of the organism by neutrophils and aid in the exchange of genetic material between cells

A

Pili (fimbriae)

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14
Q

Possesses a polysaccharide capsule that is antiphagocytic and serves as an important virulence factor

A

N. meningitidis

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15
Q

Similar to lipopolysaccharide of enteric gram-negative bacilli and helps in the organism’s evasion of the complement mediated cell lysis

A

Lipooligosaccharide

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16
Q

Other Neisseria spp.

A
  • Saprophytic Neisseria
  • Normal microbiota in respiratory culture
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17
Q

It is extremely susceptible to drying and temperature change

A

N. gonorrhoeae

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18
Q

Reduced recovery of N. gonorrhoeae may result as soon as _________ after collection

A

30 minutes

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19
Q

When inoculated swabs are used in collecting neisseria samples, what transport system must be used?

A

Amie’s medium with charcoal

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20
Q

What swabs are preffered for collecting neissseria samples?

A

Dacron or rayon swabs

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21
Q

Why are calcium alginate and cotton swabs not used for collecting neisseria samples?

A

Because they are inhibitory to N. gonorrhoeae

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22
Q

IDENTIFY:
Otitis media (young children)
Chronic upper respiratory infection

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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23
Q

These are aerobic, nonmotile, non–spore-forming, gram- negative diplococci.

A

Neisseria

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24
Q

What is needed in order to grow Neisseria?

A

Carbon dioxide because Neisseria is capnophilic

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25
Q

These are plates utilize for bedside plating

A

Jembec Plates

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26
Q

These are sensitive to sodium polyanethol sulfunate which is found in blood culture bottle

A

N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitidis

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27
Q

If a blood culture broth is inoculated, the SPS content should not exceed?

A

0.025%

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28
Q

If blood is first collected in vacutainer tubes containing the SPS, the specimen must be transferred to the broth cultured system within

A

1 hour of collection

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29
Q

Appearance of neisseria when gram stained

A

Kidney-shaped or coffee- bean shaped diplococci

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29
Q

This is diagnostic especially from a urethral discharge specimen, in men only

A

Gram negative diplococci inside a poymorphonuclear leukocytes

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30
Q

This should not be gram stained because nonpathogenic commensal Neisseria may be present and this is not diagnostic of the infection

A

Pharyngeal specimen

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31
Q

In symptomatic females, this is only presumptive evidence of gonococcal infection

A

direct examination of endocervical secretion

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32
Q

What is the media of choice for neisseria?

A
  • Trypticase soy agar with 5 % sheep blood
  • Chocolate Agar (CA)
  • Selective medium
    such as:
    Thayer-martin medium
    MTM
    Martin-Lewis
    GC-LECT
    NYC medium
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33
Q

Has chocolate agar as base; enriched with IsoVitaleX supplement

A

Thayer- Martin

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34
Q

This inihibits gram-negative bacteria in Thayer-Martin

A

Colistin

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35
Q

This inhibits yeast in Thayer-Martin

A

Nystatin

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36
Q

This inhibits gram-positive bacteria in Thayer-Martin

A

Vancomycin

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37
Q

What are the antibiotics or inhibitory agents of Thayer-Martin?

A
  • Vancomycin
  • Colistin
  • Nystatin
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38
Q

This inhibits swarming Proteus spp. in MTM

A

Trimethoprim

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39
Q

What are the antibiotics or inhibitory agents of Martin Lewis?

A
  • Colistin
  • Anisomycin
  • Vancomycin
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40
Q

What are the antibiotics or inhibitory agents of MTM?

A
  • Colistin
  • Nystatin
  • Trimethoprim
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41
Q

Contains additional antimicrobials to inhibit bacteria found in oropharyngeal specimen specifically N. meningitidis

A

GC-LECT

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42
Q

What are the antibiotics or inhibitory agents of GC-LECT?

A
  • Colistin
  • Amphotericin B
  • Vancomycin & Lincomycin
  • Trimethoprim
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43
Q

This inhibits yeast in GC-LECT

A

Amphotericin B

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44
Q

This inhibits growth of gram positive bacteria in GC-LECT

A

Vancomycin & Lincomycin

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45
Q

This inhibits yeast in Martin Lewis

A

Anisomycin

46
Q

Transparent clear to yellow medium containing lysed horse blood, horse plasma, yeast dialysate, and the same antimicrobials as to that of MTM

A

New York City Medium

47
Q

Inhibits the growth of genital mycoplasma or Ureaplasma urealyticum

A

New York City Medium

48
Q

N.gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, & M. catarrhalis grow best in increase….?

A

Carbon dioxide around 3-7%

49
Q

Why should you not use Scented or colored candles in candle extinction jar?

A

Because it is inhibitory to gonococci

50
Q

Are occasionally able to grow on gonococcal selective media

A

Gram-negative rods, such as Kingella & Acinetobacter spp.

51
Q

It appears as GN rod form in 10-unit penicillin disk test

A

Kingella

52
Q

It appears as GN Diplococcia form in 10-unit penicillin disk test

A

Neisseria

52
Q

It appears as GN elongated and filamentous in 10-unit penicillin disk test

A

Acinetobacter spp.

53
Q

Oxidase reagent

A

1% dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride or
tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

53
Q

This test must be done on all suspected isolates of N. gonorrhoeae

A

oxidase test

54
Q

Positive reaction for oxidase test (filter paper)

A

a purple color develops within 10 seconds

55
Q

Positive reaction for oxidase test (reagent dropped directly onto colony)

A

the colony turns deep
purple to black.

56
Q

What is the standard method of identification of Moraxella and Neisseria species?

A
  • Acid production from glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and fructose in a CTA base medium and a carbohydrate-free control
    (HISTORICALLY)
  • Buffered, low peptone substrate with the appropriate carbohydrate
57
Q

The test is used to determine the ability of an organism to hydrolyze DNA

A

DNase Test

58
Q

The medium used in DNase test is pale green because of the?

A

DNA-methyl green complex

59
Q

In DNase test, if the organism growing on the medium hydrolyses DNA the _____ fades and the colony is surrounded by a __________

A

green color and colorless zone, respectively

60
Q

In the presence of hydrochloric acid, it is DNase positive when there is a clear zone surrounding the inoculum, streak with the rest of the plate remaining ______. The positive reaction takes approximately _____________ to form

A

opaque and 5 minutes, respectively

61
Q

Used for differentiating M. catarrhalis from Neisseria

A

DNase test

62
Q

IDENTIFY: Absence of a clear halo around the inoculum streak.

A

DNase negative in the presence of hydrochloric acid

63
Q

In the presence of toluidine blue, it is DNase positive when there is an appearance of a _______ surrounding the inoculum streak. The rest of
the plate remains ________

A

pink halo and blue, respectively

64
Q

IDENTIFY: Absence of the pink halo surrounding the inoculum streak

A

DNase negative in the presence of toluidine blue

65
Q

Also used to distinguish Serratia from Enterobacter and Staphylococcus from other species

A

DNase test

66
Q

These are DNase positive bacteria

A

Serratia & S. aureus

67
Q

The traditional method for the identification of Neisseria spp. was

A

carbohydrate utilization in cystine trypticase agar (CTA)

68
Q

Contains 1% of the individual carbohydrate and phenol red as a pH indicator

A

Cystine trypticase agar (CTA)

69
Q

If the organism uses the particular carbohydrate, acid, it is characterized by?

A

yellow color in 24-72 hours

70
Q

What is the expected negative result in carbohydrate utilization method- CTA?

A

No color change compared to control uninoculated tube

70
Q

What is the expected positive result in carbohydrate utilization method- CTA?

A

Yellow color at the top of the tube only (indicating carbohydrate utilization)

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA, you need to avoid incubation in oxygen because it may alter the media, resulting in a color change to yellow throughout the entire tube and a false-positive

A

FALSE. you need to avoid incubation in carbon dioxide (CD)

72
Q

In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA, N. gonorrhoeae is positive for?

A

Glucose ONLY

73
Q

In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA, N. lactamica is negative for?

A

Sucrose ONLY

74
Q

In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA, N. meningitidis is positive for?

A

Glucose & Maltose

75
Q

In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA, nonpathogenic Neisseria spp., is negative for?

A

Lactose ONLY

76
Q

In carbohydrate utilization method- CTA M. catarrhalis is negative for?

A

ALL (glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose)

77
Q

IDENTIFY:
Principle- PCR amplification target gene

A

Cobas CT/NG Test

78
Q

IDENTIFY:
Principle- Real time PCR

A

Xpert CT/NG

79
Q

IDENTIFY:
Principle- target amplification

A

APTIMA GC or APTIMA Combo2

80
Q

IDENTIFY:
Principle- Strand displacement amplification

A

BD ProbeTec ET

81
Q

IDENTIFY:
Principle- PCR amplification

A

Abbott RealTime CT/NG

82
Q

These are the preferred assays for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens because of increased sensitivity, specificity, and
ability to test with a noninvasive urine specimen

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

83
Q

These have the additional advantage of being less sensitive to transport and storage conditions compared with culture

A

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

84
Q

NAAT is not recommended for:

A
  • child sexual assault involving boys
  • extragenital infections (i.e., rectal, oropharyngeal) in prepubescent girls
85
Q

NAATs can also detect both ___________ and __________ in the same specimen

A

N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, respectively

86
Q

This is the preferred method for testing urethral specimens from boys or extragenital specimens from boys and girls

A

Culture

87
Q

The only method to monitor the effectiveness of treatment because NAATs are not approved for use as a test of cure

A

Culture

88
Q

This is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance.

A

N. gonorrhoeae

89
Q

Chromogenic Substrate Enzyme test used for N. gonorrhoeae

A

prolyl-hydroxylprolyl aminopeptidase

90
Q

Chromogenic Substrate Enzyme test used for N. meningitidis

A

beta-galactosidase and gammaglutamyl
aminopeptidase

91
Q

This test is done to differentiate the N. lactamica from N. meningitidis and where you can determine an organisms ability to produce beta-galactosidase (enzyme present in lactose fermenter)

A

O- Nitrophenyl- B- D- Galactopyranoside (ONPG) test

92
Q

This bacterium may grow on selective media and may be confused with N.meningitidis

A

N. lactamica

93
Q

What bacteria is ONPG positive?

A

Neisseria lactamica

94
Q

What bacteria is ONPG negative?

A

N. meningitidis

95
Q

This maybe misidentified as N. gonorrhoeae because it may appear false positive for glucose

A

N. cinerea

96
Q

This is the only gram-negative bacteria that hydrolyzes DNase

A

M. catarrhalis

97
Q

It can grow in BAP at 22°C and 35°C in nutrient agar

A

M. catarrhalis

98
Q

Aside from M. catarrhalis, which specie of Neisseria is also negative for glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and fructose acid production

A

N. flavescens

99
Q

Aside from inhibiting yeast growth in Martin Lewis this also functions as antifungal agent

A

Anisomycin

100
Q

In jembec plates, this would activate the tablet and generate a carbon dioxide atmosphere in the pouch

A

Moisture in the agar

101
Q

This NAAT test method is manufactured by cepheid

A

Xpert CT/NG

102
Q

This NAAT test method is manufactured by Roche Diagnostics

A

Cobas CT/NG Test

103
Q

This NAAT test method is manufactured by hologic

A

APTIMA GC and APTIMA Combo2

104
Q

What are the antibiotics or inhibitory agents of NYC

A
  • Colistin
  • Amphotericin B
  • Vancomycin
  • Trimethoprim
105
Q

What is the ideal incubation condition and duration of Neisseria and Moraxella?

A

Incubation at 35C to 37C for 72 hours in a CO2-enriched humid atmosphere

106
Q

In most microbiology laboratories, what kinds of incubators are used?

A

CO2 incubators that automatically humidify or pan of water that can be placed in the bottom

107
Q

In this method of oxidase test, a colony from a plate is rubbed onto the reagent with an applicator stick or a non-nichrome loop

A

Filter paper method

108
Q

This method of oxidase test is convenient but it renders the organism nonviable for subculture

A

Oxidase reagent dropped directly onto colony

109
Q

This starts as nasopharyngeal colonization and develops to fatal bacterial meningitis

A

N. meningitidis

Bacteriology Lecture (Midterm- Finals) (9 decks)

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