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Bacteriology Lecture (Midterm- Finals) > SEMIFINAL: Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

SEMIFINAL: Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

These are gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, oxidase negative, and glucose fermenter

A

Enteterobacteriaceae

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2
Q

Members of this family produce large, moist, gray colonies on nonselective media

A

Enterobacteriaceae except for Klebsiella and sometimes Enterobacter

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3
Q

Members of this family are ubiquitous in nature and reside in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

family Enterobacteriaceae

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4
Q

They can be resident microbiota if confined to their natural environment

A

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia

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5
Q

Based on the clinical infections that they produce, members of the family Enterobacteriacea may be divided into two broad categories:

A
  1. Opportunistic pathogens
  2. Primary pathogens
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6
Q

This category if Enterobacteriacea, is often a part of the usual intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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7
Q

Outside their normal body sites, these organisms can produce serious extraintestinal, opportunistic infections

A

Opportunistic pathogens

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8
Q

What bacteria causes Urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A

E. coli (90%), Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae

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9
Q

Pneumonia is cause by what bacteria?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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10
Q

Bacteremias are cause by?

A

E. coli, Proteus Mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae (same bacteria that causes UTI)

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11
Q

These are antibiotic resistant genera that causes hospital acquired infections

A

Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia

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12
Q

These bacteria causes diarrhea

A
  • Shigella spp.
  • Salmonella spp.
  • E. coli
  • Yersinia spp.
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13
Q

It is enterohemorrhagic (shiga toxin producing), enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteropathogenic, and enteroadherent

A

E. coli

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14
Q

IDENTIFY:
Somatic antigen; heat- stable antigen that is located on the cell wall

A

O antigen

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15
Q

IDENTIFY:
Capsular antigen; this is a heat-labile polysaccharide found only in certain encapsulated species

A

K antigen

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16
Q

Enumerate a few examples of K antigen

A
  • K1 antigen of E.coli
  • Vi antigen of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi
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17
Q

This is the leading cause of community acquired urinary tract infections

A

Escherichia coli or E. coli

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18
Q

This is the primary marker of fecal contamination in water quality testing

A

Escherichia coli or E. coli

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19
Q

The major cause of E. coli-associated community-acquired urinary tract infections

A

Uropathogenic E. coli

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20
Q

The E. coli strains that cause UTIs usually originate in the _____________ as resident biota

A

large intestine

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21
Q

E. coli strains that cause UTIs can exist either as the?

A

predominant E. coli population or small part of the E. coli strains in the large intestine

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22
Q

E. coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritis in immunocompetent hosts have been shown to be the?

A

dominant resident E. coli in the colon

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23
Q

The primary virulence factor associated with the ability of E. coli to cause UTIs

A

Pili

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24
Q

This allows the uropathogenic strains to adhere to epithelial cells and not be washed out with urine flow

A

Pili

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25
Q

What are the other factors that contribute to the virulence of uropathogenic E. coli?

A

Cytolysins and Aerobactins

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26
Q

Also often characterized as hemolysins, can kill immune effector cells and inhibit phagocytosis and chemotaxis of certain white blood cells

A

Cytolysins

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27
Q

Allows the bacterial cell to chelate iron

A

Aerobactin

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28
Q

This is generally unavailable within the host for use by bacteria

A

Free iron

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29
Q

Characterized by neonatal meningitis and a positive test for the K1 antigen

A

Meninges/sepsis associated- E coli (MNEC)

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30
Q

These organisms are spread to the meninges from a blood infection and gain acess to the central nervous system via membrane-bound vacuoles in microvascular endothelial cells

A

Meninges/sepsis associated- E coli (MNEC)

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31
Q

These organisms, once inside the cell, prevent lysosomal fusion and gain access to the central nervous system

A

Meninges/sepsis associated- E coli (MNEC)

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32
Q

Enumerate the five categories that are sometimes collectively referred to as enterovirulent E. coli or diarrheagenic E. coli

A
  1. enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
  2. enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
  3. enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)
  4. enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)
  5. enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EHEC)
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33
Q

What are the two subtypes of enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EHEC)

A
  • enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)
  • Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC)
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34
Q

Produces a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)

A

enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

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35
Q

Associated with cases of traveler’s diarrhea

A

enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

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36
Q

This is characterized by mild, watery diarrhea; no blood nor leuocytes and abdominal cramping

A

Traveler’s diarrhea (associated to ETEC)

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37
Q

This is characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes nausea, usually with no vomiting or fever

A

Mild, self-limiting disease caused by ETEC

38
Q

Characterized by watery to bloody diarrhea which is similar to shigella, it is RBC positive and WBC positive

A

enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)

39
Q

EIEC may produce a watery to bloody diarrhea as a result of direct invasion of the _______________ of the colon similar to _______________

A

Epithelial cells and Shigella spp., respectively

40
Q

Produce dysentery with direct penetration, invasion, and destruction of the intestinal mucosa

A

Enteroinvasive strains

41
Q

Charactarized by attachment and effacement lesion in the colon

A

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

42
Q

Characterized by prolonged (chronic), non bloody diarrhea; vomiting; and fever. IT is typical in infants or children

A

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

43
Q

The stool in this diarrhagenic E. coli typically contains large amounts of mucus but apparent blood is not present

A

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)

44
Q

Pediatric diarrhea, foodborne outbreaks, and diarrhea in HIV- infected and AIDS patients. Stool in this diarrhagenic E. coli is not bloody and does not contain white blood cells

A

enteroadherent Escherichia coli (EAEC)

45
Q

This gene in EAEC is responsible for cellular adherence

A

AggR gene

46
Q

It produces hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)

47
Q

It is characterized by a hemolytic anemia and low platelet count and can often results to kidney failure and death

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

48
Q

Unlike in dysentery, no white blood cells are found in the stool of this diarrheagenic E. coli

A

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC); HUS

49
Q

_________ is a component of the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane and the _________ is the specific flagellin associated with the organism

A

O antigen (156 serotypes) and H antigen (56 serotypes)

50
Q

Characterized by live abscesses, pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections

A

Klebsiella spp.

51
Q

Carry a heat-labile cytotoxin, which has been isolated from patients who have developed a self-limiting antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis

A

K. oxytoca

52
Q

Characterized by community-acquired pyogenic liver abscesses and hypervirulent phenotype (hVKP)

A

K. pneumoniae

53
Q

These have the ability to spread in healthy patients because of an intrinsic resistance to serum complement and the bactericidal effects of neutrophils

A

hvKP clinical variants

54
Q

A Klebsiella sp., that is resistant to ampicillin

A

K. pneumoniae

55
Q

K. pneumoniae may demonstrate multiple antibiotic resistance patterns from the acquisition of _______________ with enzymes such as ____________ and ______________

A

Multidrug-resistant plasmids; carbapenemase; cephalosporinases (in order)

56
Q

Contains Klebsiella organisms and are increasingly isolated from community-acquired pyogenic liver abscesses worldwide and demonstrate a hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) phenotype (hvKP)

A

K1 capsular clonal complex (CC23k1)

57
Q

Associated with severe pnemonia and bloodstream infections

A

K1 capsular clonal complex (CC82k1)

58
Q

A Klebsiella sp., that can be visualized in scrapings of lesions and is stained with wright or giemsa stain

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

59
Q

This Klebsiella sp., is unculturable

A

K. granulomatis

60
Q

K. granulomatis is an agent of?

A

Donovanosis or granuloma inguinale

61
Q

Groups of this organisms are seen within mononuclear endothelial cells and is knowns as?

A

Donovan body

62
Q

This organism staains as a blue rod with prominent polar granules, giving rise to a ‘‘safety pin’’ appearance and is surrounded by a large pink capsule

A

Donovan body

62
Q

One of the most commonly isolated healthcare-associated infections

A

Enterobacter spp.

63
Q

It is associated with contaminated medical
devices such as respirators and other medical instrumentation

A

Enterobacter spp.

64
Q

These organisms are ingested from water, vegetable, and food products

A

Enterobacter spp.

65
Q

Characterized by acute inflammatory colitis &
bloody diarrhea characterized by cramps, tenesmus, bloody & mucoid stool

A

Dysentery (in Shigella spp.)

66
Q

A type of shigella spp. that may produce watery diarrhea

A

Shigella sonnei.

67
Q

Infections are associated with consumption of
contaminated food such as meat and dairy
products

A

Hafnia Alvei

68
Q

Most infections with these bacteria are identified in patients with severe underlying disease (e.g., malignancies) or after surgery or trauma

A

H. alvei

69
Q

Often associated with stool specimen from patients with symptoms of diarrhea

A

Morganella spp.

70
Q

An emerging enteric pathogen associated with food-and water-borne illness. Causes gastroenteritis, most
commonly in children

A

Pleasiomonas shigelloides

71
Q

A freshwater inhabitant that is transmitted to humans by ingestion of contaminated water or by exposure of disrupted skin and mucosal surface

A

Pleasiomonas shigelloides

72
Q

Often associated with urinary tract infections; however, it is isolated from wounds and ears. This is also associated with diarrhea and sepsis

A

Proteus spp.

73
Q

These bacteria are easily identified by their classic “swarming” appearance on culture media

A

Proteus spp.

74
Q

Known for colonization and the cause of pathogenic infection in health care setting

A

Serratia marcescens

75
Q

Serratia spp. are resistant to ampicillin and first-generation
cephalosporins because of the presence of an?

A

AmpC beta-lactamase

76
Q

This specie of Salmonella is associated with a severe disease called typhoid

A

Salmonella serotype typhi

77
Q

These are not associated with typhoid fever

A

Diarrhea and vomiting

78
Q

IDENTIFY:
The symptoms are often headache, abdominal cramping, constipation, and high fever. The patient may present with a rash and appear confused. Human carriers have been identified. The disease is transmitted person-to-person or through contaminated food and water

A

typhi or typhoid fever

79
Q

These are facultative anaerobic, motile, gram-negative rods commonly isolated from the intestines
of humans and animals

A

Salmonella (all serotypes)

80
Q

Serotypes are differentiated based on the characterization of?

A
  • heat-stable O antigen,
    included in the LPS
  • heat-labile H antigen flagellar protein
  • heat-labile Vi antigen, capsular polysaccharide.
81
Q

Serotyping in Shigella spp. is based on the?

A

Somatic LPS O antigen

82
Q

Dysentery with stools that contain blood or mucus

A

Shigellosis

83
Q

The most severe form of Shigella

A

S. dysenteriae 1

84
Q

IDENTIFY:
May begin as watery diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Progressive infection then leads to dysentery with stools that contain blood or mucus. Lesions in the intestinal tract typically remain confined to the large intestine.

Bloodstream infections are rare

A

Shigellosis

85
Q

These are capable of causing dysentery

A

All Shigella spp.

86
Q

Out of all the Shigella spp., this is the one that produces the most severe forms of illness and may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

S. dysenteriae 1

87
Q

Most commonly transmitted by the bite of an infected flea resulting in bubonic plague

A

Y. pestis

88
Q

Handling infected animals, inhaling infectious droplets, and ingestion of undercooked meat have resulted in this infection

A

Y. pestis

89
Q

Human-to-human transmission is possible with the pneumonic (respiratory) form of disease.

A

Y. pestis

90
Q

This is found in the gastrointestinal tract of swine, rodents, and dogs

A

Y.enterocolitica

91
Q

Found in a variety of wild and domesticated animals including rodents, birds, and rabbits

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

Bacteriology Lecture (Midterm- Finals) (9 decks)

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