Semiconductor Theory

Question 1

All atoms consist of what?

Answer 1

Electrons, protons, and neutrons

Question 2

All matter is composed of _____.

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

except _______, which does not have a neutron.

Answer 3

Normal hydrogen

Question 4

What is the outermost shell called?

Answer 4

Valence shell

Question 5

What is the electrons on the shell are called?

Answer 5

Valence electrons

Question 6

It is the massive center of an atom?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

What is the particle inside the proton called?

Answer 7

Quarks

Question 8

It’s the positively charged particle.

Answer 8

Proton

Question 9

It’s the negatively charged particle.

Answer 9

Electron

Question 10

Niels Behr proposed that the electrons in an atom circle the nucleus in different obits, similar to the Way planets orbit the sun in our solar system.

Answer 10

The Bohr Model

Question 11

The Bohr model is often referred to as the

Answer 11

Planetary model

Question 12

The nucleus consists of

Answer 12

Positively charged particles and uncharged particles called neutrons

Question 13

Another view of the atom and considered a more accurate representation, but it is difficult to visualize.

Answer 13

Quantum model

Question 14

A substance, body or material which has more electrons that are free to move (free electrons).

Answer 14

Conductor

Question 15

are also conductors of electricity

Answer 15

Electrolytes and ionized gases

Question 16

is a material that does not conduct electrical current under normal conditions.

Answer 16

Insulator

Question 17

substance body or material that has a characteristic in between a conductor and insulator.

Answer 17

Semiconductor

Question 18

with more than four valence electrons but ideally it has 8 valence electrons

Answer 18

Insulator

Question 19

with four valence electrons

Answer 19

Semiconductor

Question 20

Elementary Semiconductors

Answer 20

• Silicon (Si)
• Germanium (Ge)

Question 21

Compound semiconductors

Answer 21

• Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
• Aluminum Arsenide (AlAs)
• Gallium Phosphide (GaP)

Question 22

Typical Resistivity Values

CONDUCTOR: COPPER:

Answer 22

p = 10^-6 Ohm-cm

Question 23

Typical Resistivity Values
Semiconductor
Germanium :
Silicone :

Answer 23

p = 50 Ohm-cm
p = 50k Ohm-cm

Question 24

Typical Resistivity Values

INSULATOR : Mica :

Answer 24

p = 10^12 Ohm-cm

Question 25

1 to 3 valence electrons

Answer 25

Conductor

Question 26

4 valence electrons

Answer 26

Semiconductor

Question 27

Full valence shell

Answer 27

Insulator

Question 28

approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons of an atom

Answer 28

Atomic mass or weight

Question 29

the number of protons in the nucleus or the number of electrons in an atom

Answer 29

Atomic number

Question 30

the highest energy band of an atom which can be filled with electrons

Answer 30

Valence band

Question 31

energy band in which electrons can move freely

Answer 31

Conduction band

Question 32

Electrons can jump from one orbit to another by what?

Answer 32

Emitting or absorbing

Question 33

Mass/charge of electron, proton, and neutron

Answer 33

Electron
9.1096 x10^31
1.6022 x 10^-19
1.6022 x10^11

Proton
1.6726 x10^ -27
+1.6022 ×10^-19
9.5791 x 10^7

Neutron

1.6726 x10^27
0
0

Question 34

Mass of proton or neutron is ______ times that of electron.

Answer 34

1,836

Question 35

The energy difference between the conduction band and valence band. It is the energy required to move or transfer a valence electron at the valence band to the conduction band.

Answer 35

Energy gap

Question 36

the region where the valence shell and valence electrons are occupying. It is the highest energy level before conduction band.

Answer 36

Valence band

Question 37

the region where free electrons are said to be present. Electrons at this band have a higher energy level than those electrons at the valence band.

Answer 37

Conduction band

Question 38

the region in an atom where no electrons exist, It is in between two allowed bands, such as between valence and conduction bands.

Answer 38

Forbidden band

Question 39

whenever a neutral atom losses one or more of its electron/s, it becomes a positively charge atom and is referred to as a ___

Answer 39

Positive ion

Question 40

if a neutral atom gains electron/s it becomes negatively charge and is called a _________

Answer 40

Negative ion

Question 41

results from attractive forces between positive and negative ions or between pairs of oppositely charges ions.

Answer 41

lonic bonds or Electrovalent bonds or Electrostatic bonds

Question 42

attractive forces results from a group of positive ions and electrons which are free to move about among its ions.

Answer 42

Metallic bonds