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semi-rad ana Flashcards

1
Q

other term for digestive system

A

alimentary tract

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2
Q

is the wet epithelial membrane surrounding the alimentary canal lumen

A

mucosa (mucous membrane)

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3
Q

moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessel

A

submucosa

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4
Q

typically is a bilayer of smooth muscle inner layer running circularly
the outer running longitudinally

A

muscularis externa

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5
Q

outermost covering of intraperitoneal organ which is called the visceral peritoneum

A

serosa

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6
Q

foods enter the digestive tract through the?

A

oral cavity/mouth

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7
Q

protect the opening of the chamber anteriorly

A

lips (labia)

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8
Q

the anterior portion of the palate is referred to as?

A

hard palate

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9
Q

fibromuscular structure that is unsupported by bone

A

posterior soft palate

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10
Q

finger like projection of the soft palate

A

uvula

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11
Q

the space between the lips and cheeks is called

A

oral vestibule

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12
Q

one of the hard calcified structures, for biting and mastication of food

A

teeth

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13
Q

muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth, swallowing and speech

A

tongue

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14
Q

3 pairs of glands whose combined secretions constitute of the saliva

A

salivary glands

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15
Q

what are the 3 pairs of salivary glands

A
  1. parotid gland
  2. sublingual gland
  3. submandibular/sub-maxillary gland
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16
Q

largest of the salivary glands that lies immediately inferior and-anterior to
external ear

A

parotid gland

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17
Q

composed of a group of smaller gland which is narrow and elongated

A

sublingual gland

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18
Q

irregularly shaped, almost to the angle of mandible

A

submandibular/sub maxillary gland

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19
Q

is a duct that opens beside the orifice of the Wharton’s duct called?

A

bartholin’s duct/ duct of rivinus

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20
Q

it has also a duct that opens into oral vestibule opposite the second
upper molar called?

A

stensen’s duct

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21
Q

the pharynx is subdivided anatomically into 3 parts, what are those?

A

nasopharynnx
oro “
laryngo”

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22
Q

a common passageway for food, fluid and air

A

pharynx

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23
Q

other term for esophagus

A

gullet

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24
Q

centimeters and inches of esophagus

A

25centi
10 inch

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25
Q

essentially food passageway that conduct food to the stomach in a wavelike
peristaltic motion

A

esophagus

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26
Q

thickening of the smooth muscle layer, controls food passage into the stomach

A

gastroesophageal sphincter

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27
Q

pearshaped organ, end of esophagus and beginning of the small intestine

A

stomach

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28
Q

when the stomach is empty it is collapsed which is usually contains
air called?

A

magenblase

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29
Q

stomach bubble, dark area above the upper part of stomach, hidden by the
liver and diaphragm

A

meganblase

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30
Q

dome-shaped portion of the stomach found superior laterally
to the cardia

A

fundus

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31
Q

thickened ring of involuntary muscle

A

sphincter

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32
Q

two openings of the stomach

A

~cardiac orifice
~pyloric orifice

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33
Q

medial border close to the upper end of stomach where the esophagus
and stomach meet

A

cardiac orifice

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34
Q

lower end of the stomach where the small bowel or small intestine
continuous from this opening

A

pyloric orifice

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35
Q

concave medial surface of the stomach

A
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36
Q

concave medial surface of the stomach

A
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37
Q

convex lateral surface which is longer

A

greater curvature

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38
Q

extending from these curvature are two mesenteries called?

A

omenta/omentum

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39
Q

extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

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40
Q

a saclike mesentery extends from greater curvature from the stomach

A

greater omentum

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41
Q

sharp bend on the lesser curvature below its midpoint

A

incisura angularis

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42
Q

lining membrane which from a longitudinal fold that partly
disappear when the stomach is full

A

rugae

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43
Q

is a convoluted tube

A

small intestine

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44
Q

meters and feet of small intestine

A

6-7 meters
20 feet

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45
Q

meters and feet during life because of its muscle tone of small intestine

A

2 meters(6 feet)

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46
Q

what are the 3 parts of small intestine

A

doudenum
jejunum
ileum

47
Q

first 25 centi, 10 inches of small intestine which form a double loop
(lies in retroperitoneal position)

48
Q

first part of duodenum that extends up and to the R including the duodenal cap
or bulb

A

superior duodenum

49
Q

passes downward to the R where the common bile duct opens into it

A

descending duodenum

50
Q

passes to the L across the midline

A

transverse duodenum

51
Q

passes up behind the stomach to join with the jejunum

A

ascending duodenum

52
Q

the head of pancreas lies in this curve of duodenum and approximately?

53
Q

continuous with the duodenum extends for 2.5m about 8feet long. ( occupies the umbilical
region of the abdominal cavity)

54
Q

terminal portion of the small intestine is about 3.6m 12 feet long (loc right abdominal cavity)

55
Q

ileocecal junction has a sphincter called?

A

ileocecal sphincter

56
Q

how long the large intestine or colon?

A

1.5 meters 5 feet

57
Q

it forms an inverted U shaped structure that passes up from the R lower abdomen
to the R upper abdomen

A

large intestine

58
Q

part of the colon that forms a pouch below the ileocecal junctiion

59
Q

passes up from the cecum (R kidney)

A

ascending colon

60
Q

bend of the colon to the L under the R liver surface

A

hepatic flexure/ R colic

61
Q

passes across the upper abdomen from the hepatic flexure to the spleen
in the L upper abdomen

A

transverse colon

62
Q

bend of the colon where the transverse clons ends

A

splenic flexure/ L colic

63
Q

extends down from the splenic flexure brim of the pelvis in lateral abdomen

A

descending colon

64
Q

S shaped descending colon to the rectum.

A

sigmoid/ pelvic colon

65
Q

final part of the colon extend to the sigmoid to anus

66
Q

lower 1 1/2 inch of rectum ends at an opening the anus

A

anal canal

67
Q

what are the 2 sphincter of anal canal

A

voluntary external anal sphincter - composed of skeletal muscle involuntary internal and sphincter - c of smooth muscle

68
Q

3 longitudinal muscle band called the?

A

tenia coli

69
Q

small pocket like sacs called, puckered folds of the colon caused by the
arrangement of longitudinal muscle

70
Q

what is the major function of large intestine

A

to consolidate and propel the unusable fecal matter towards
the anus and eliminate it from the body

71
Q

long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior
abdomen

A

pancreas or pancreatic gland

72
Q

hollow tube that extends from the tail

A

pancreatic duct/ duct of wirsung

73
Q

pancreas is made up of many minute glands that manufacture and secrete digestive
enzyme called?

A

pancreatic fluid

74
Q

small clumps of cell scattered throughout the pancreas

A

islet of langerhans/ island of “

75
Q

largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds

76
Q

are the one responsible in secreting bile into the bile ducts

A

hepatic cells

77
Q

pear shaped hollow organ which lies an impression below the liver
that serve as a reservoir for bile. Loc in the RUQ

A

gall bladder

78
Q

parts of the gall bladder

A

fundus body
`neck

79
Q

hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct

A

cystic duct

80
Q

formed by the union of the R hepatic duct or ductus hepaticus dexter

A

common bile duct

81
Q

another hormone with its source from the duodenum increases output of
enzymic-rich pancreatic juice

A

cholecystokini

82
Q

what are the functions of digestive system

A

~to take water, salt, v, food to digest the food so that it nay be absorb
~ to absorb these food constituents
~ to get rid of waste product as feces

83
Q

breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

84
Q

passage of digested product through lining membrane of blood
or lymph capillaries

A

absorption

85
Q

food contain 3 essential types of compounds

A

protein carbohydrates
`fats

86
Q

opening of the roof of the mouth

A

cleft palate

87
Q

esophagus is closed at some point and may communicate with the trachea

A

esophageal atresia

88
Q

narrowing of the pyloric canal causing obstruction at the
distal end of the stomach

A

pyloric stenosis

89
Q

rupture that causes protrusion of an organ

90
Q

complete closure of the anal opening

A

imperforate anus

91
Q

diverticulum of the ileum about 12 inch to 3 feet above ileo cecaljunction

A

meckel’s diverticulum

92
Q

reversal of the position of the abdominal organ

A

situs inversus

93
Q

contains over a million nephrons occupies between 12th dorsal
3rd lumbar

94
Q

responsible for filtering the blood and forming urine

95
Q

located in the cortex of the kidney, each consist of cup like structure called
glomerular

A

renal corpuscle

96
Q

contains a cluster of capillaries called glomerulus, becomes the descending
limb of the hairpin like nephron loop

A

renal tubule

97
Q

is a depression on the medial or inner border where the renal artery, renal vein,
pelvis enter the kidney

A

hilum/ hilus

98
Q

includes the renal artery, vein lymphatics and renal pelvis

A

renal pedicle

99
Q

are two tubes about 10-12 inches which extends from the kidney to urinary bladder

100
Q

what are the 3 coats of ureters

A

epithelial lining involuntary muscle
`fibrous layer

101
Q

upper expanded funnel shaped end of the ureter which is in contact with the kidney

A

renal pelvis

102
Q

cup shaped division of the major calyces

A

minor calyces

103
Q

reservoir for the urine and lies in the pelvis behind the symphysis pubis

A

urinary bladder

104
Q

passage from the UB to the outside, 1.5 inch in female while in male is much longer

105
Q

are branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the kidneys

A

renal arteries (L) (R)

106
Q

collect blood from the kidneys and empty into inferior vena cava

A

renal veins

107
Q

what are the functions of kidneys

A

it excrete urine that contains water and waste products regulates fluid content of the blood
`regulate the concentration of the various salts
circulating in the blood

108
Q

having a small kidney

A

microkidney

109
Q

two kidneys are joined together across the midline of the body

A

horseshoe kidney

110
Q

large cyst are present in-the kidneys

A

polycystic kidney

111
Q

kidney is not in normal position

A

ectopic kidney

112
Q

the bladder may lie outside the pelvis and may have no anterior wall

A

exstrophy of the bladder

113
Q

the urethra open on the undersurface of the penis

A

hypospadias

114
Q

urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis

A

epispadias

dayan (12 decks)

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