Semester Test 2 Flashcards
Which of the following believed he had discovered a westward passage to Asia, when in fact he had discovered America?
Christopher Columbus
Vasco da Gama’s discovery of a route to India by sea proved to be
Very profitable, since da Gama returned with a cargo of spices and made a profit if several thousand percent
What was the name of the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?
Mercantilism
Who were the first European settlers of the Hudson River valley?
The Dutch
Who expressed concern about the impact of the slave trade on the well-being of his society?
The king of Congo
The Moluccas were known to Europeans as the
Spice Islands
Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas were divided into all the following social classes except
Mitas
What is the correct list of social classes from colonial Latin America?
Peninsulares, Creoles, mestizos, mulattoes
Sixteenth-century Spanish colonial holdings in America included all of the following except
Brazil
To Portuguese explorers, the southern coast of West Africa became known as the
Gold Coast
Philip II of Spain was known as the
“Most Catholic King”
James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is
The idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
Which of the following were Protestants in England who were inspired by Calvinist ideas?
Puritans
The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England was laid by the
Bill of Rights
Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by
Distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics
Te style of painting known as _____ reflected a search for power
Baroque
The work of William Shakespeare is perhaps the best example of _____ literature
Elizabethan
Seven percent of the total French population were
Huguenots
Te Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, and
Have the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges
The Thirty Years’ War involved all the major European powers except which nation?
England
Which religion was practiced by the Ottomans?
Sunni Islam
When the Moguls began establishing their dynasty in India, the continent was divided into which two types of kingdoms?
Hindu and Muslim
Which religion promoted the practices of child marriage and suttee in India?
Hindu
Recruited from the local Christian population in the Balkans, the janissaries were
Converted to Islam and trained as foot soldiers or administrators to serve the sultan
The hereditary nature of the position of sultan
Led to struggles over succession between the sons of the sultan
Under Shah Abbas, the Safavid dynasty
Reached the high point of its glory
The Safavids differed from many of their Islamic neighbors because they were ardent
Shias
Who established the Mogul dynasty?
Babur
“Gunpowder empires” were empires that
We’re formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered
The greatest Ottoman architects, _____ built 81 mosques
Sinan
Which is not a discovery made by Galileo using the telescope?
Comets
Which discovery was made by Maria Winkleman?
A comet
Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation
Showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe
Francis Bacon, an English Philosopher, believed scientists should
Use inductive reasoning
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract
An entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
Which of the following composed The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, and Don Giovanni, three of the world’s greatest operas?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
As a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763,
Great Britain had become the world’s greatest colonial power
Which of the following was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state?
France
The Constitutional Convention began as
A meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation
According to the Ptolemaic system,
The universe is a series of concentric spheres with Earth fixed at the center
Which of the following estate groups of France was the only one to pay taxes?
The Third Estate
In 1971 a new Constitution was set up in France to allow “active” citizens to vote. What were “active” citizens?
Men over 25 who paid taxes
The French National Assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was
A vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution
Louis XVI was forced to accept the National Assembly’s decrees because
Thousands of armed Parisian women descended on the palace and captured him and his family
The Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers to
Defend France from threats
The three major parts of Napoleon’s Grand Empire were
The French Empire, the dependent states, and the allied states
What were the two major reasons that Napoleon’s Grand Empire collapsed?
The survival of Great Britain and the force of nationalism
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed
Equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women
Who seized political power from the Legislative Assembly?
Paris Commune
The difference between the Girondins and the Mountain was that
The Girondins leaned toward keeping the king alive, while the Mountain wanted the king executed
In his novels, Charles Dickens showed the realities of life for the ____ in the early part of the Industrial Age
Poor
The production of _____ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution
Cotton cloth
Otto Von Bismarck practiced realpolitik, which was
A theory of politics based on practical matters rather than theory or ethics
The formation of the Confederatiom States of America was sparked by
The election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States
Which of the following emphasized feelings and imagination as source of knowing?
Romanticism
According to Darwin, which of the following was central to organic evolution?
Natural selection
Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery?
James watt
The _____ was crucial to Britain’s Industrial Revolution
Steam engine
The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was evident in the
Emergence of the middle class and the working class
The effect of the Crimean War was to
Destroy the Concert of Europe and leave Australia without friends among the great powers
Which country had a much lower standard of living during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Spain
This party asked its theories on the work of Karl Marx
Socialist
Signing Freud devised this method by which a therapist and patient could probe deeply into the patient’s memory
Psychoanalysis
This passage documents Marie’s Curie discovery of
Radium
In the Second Industrial Revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?
Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum
According to Karl Marx, the ____, or working class, was oppressed by the middle class
Proletariat
Which of the following founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and Sick in Hamburg, Germany?
Amalie Sieveking
What was the name of the legislative assembly created by Czar Nicholas II?
Duma
The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as the
Triple Entente
According to Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity,
If all material things disappear out of the universe, time and space would disappear with them
The Spanish-American War resulted in
New territories for the United States
All of the following came under French control except
Thailand
All of the following powers had colonies in West Africa by 1900, except
The United States
After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Britain
Took an active interest in Egypt
What The British called the Sepoy Mutiny, Indians called the
First War of Independence
In 1876, Queen Victoria assumed the title of
Empress of India
British rule of India brought Indian society all of the following benefits except
Tea
The Mexican period of reform from 1855 to 1876 brought about all of the following except
Voting rights for women
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar led South American independence movements against
Spain
Miguel Hidalgo, a hero of Mexican independence after 1810, had studied
The French Recolution
Which country was not a member of the Triple Alliance?
Russia
During World War I, which person did Czar Nicholas II place in charge of the armies?
Himself
Which concession did president Wilson demand at the Paris Peace Conferences?
Creation of a League of Nations
What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
The Black Hand
In 1914 ____ was considered an act of war
Mobilization of a nation’s army
The Western Front was characterized by
Trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as
The Central Powers
The Red secret police, known as the Cheka, began
A Red Terror campaign to destroy all those who opposed the new regime
World War I was a _____, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people
Total war
The Schlieffen Plan was
Germany’s plan for a two-front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance
The Treaty of Locarno guaranteed
Germany’s new western borders with France and Belgium
John Maynard Keynes argued that unemployment
Came not from overproduction, but from a decline in demand
A _____ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
Totalitarian
The Kristallnacht was
A destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews
Surrealist ______ painted everyday objects but separated them from their normal contexts
Salvador Dali
The literary work of _____ includes Siddhartha and Steppenwolf
Hermann Hesse
Who set up the Nazi secret forces?
Heinrich Himmler
To deal with runaway German inflation, an international commission created the Dawes Plan, which
Reduced Germany’s reparations debt
An _____ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
Economic depression
The _____ was the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party
Politburo
The Arab nationalists who sought to undermine Ottoman rule were backed by British adventurer T.E. Lawrence. What nickname was given to T.E. Lawrence as a result of this activity?
Lawrence of Arabia
Which ethnic group was a victim of genocide by the Ottoman Turks?
Armenians
Mohandas Gandhi protested British laws by
Using methods of civil disobedience, that is, refusing to obey laws considered to be unjust
The vast companies called _____ controlled major segments of the Japanese industrial sector
Zaibatsu
Who led the People’s Liberation Army on the Long March?
Mao Zedong
In China, in order to fight the larger Nationalist Army, the Communists
Began using guerrilla tactics
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy
Rejected the use of United States military force in Latin America
The _____ controlled the major groups within Mexican society, thereby giving it enormous control over the Mexican presidency
Institutional Revolutionary Party
______ established the modern state of Iran in 1935
Reza Shah Pahlavi
The Salt March was
Mohandas Gandhi’s march to the sea to protest new British taxes and restrictions on salt
