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World History > Semester Test 2 > Flashcards

Semester Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which of the following believed he had discovered a westward passage to Asia, when in fact he had discovered America?

A

Christopher Columbus

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1
Q

Vasco da Gama’s discovery of a route to India by sea proved to be

A

Very profitable, since da Gama returned with a cargo of spices and made a profit if several thousand percent

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2
Q

What was the name of the set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century?

A

Mercantilism

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3
Q

Who were the first European settlers of the Hudson River valley?

A

The Dutch

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4
Q

Who expressed concern about the impact of the slave trade on the well-being of his society?

A

The king of Congo

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5
Q

The Moluccas were known to Europeans as the

A

Spice Islands

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6
Q

Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas were divided into all the following social classes except

A

Mitas

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7
Q

What is the correct list of social classes from colonial Latin America?

A

Peninsulares, Creoles, mestizos, mulattoes

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8
Q

Sixteenth-century Spanish colonial holdings in America included all of the following except

A

Brazil

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9
Q

To Portuguese explorers, the southern coast of West Africa became known as the

A

Gold Coast

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10
Q

Philip II of Spain was known as the

A

“Most Catholic King”

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11
Q

James I of England believed in the divine right of kings, which is

A

The idea that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God

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12
Q

Which of the following were Protestants in England who were inspired by Calvinist ideas?

A

Puritans

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13
Q

The foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England was laid by the

A

Bill of Rights

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14
Q

Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by

A

Distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life, to keep them out of politics

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15
Q

Te style of painting known as _____ reflected a search for power

A

Baroque

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16
Q

The work of William Shakespeare is perhaps the best example of _____ literature

A

Elizabethan

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17
Q

Seven percent of the total French population were

A

Huguenots

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18
Q

Te Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, and

A

Have the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges

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19
Q

The Thirty Years’ War involved all the major European powers except which nation?

A

England

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20
Q

Which religion was practiced by the Ottomans?

A

Sunni Islam

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21
Q

When the Moguls began establishing their dynasty in India, the continent was divided into which two types of kingdoms?

A

Hindu and Muslim

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22
Q

Which religion promoted the practices of child marriage and suttee in India?

A

Hindu

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23
Q

Recruited from the local Christian population in the Balkans, the janissaries were

A

Converted to Islam and trained as foot soldiers or administrators to serve the sultan

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24
Q

The hereditary nature of the position of sultan

A

Led to struggles over succession between the sons of the sultan

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25
Q

Under Shah Abbas, the Safavid dynasty

A

Reached the high point of its glory

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26
Q

The Safavids differed from many of their Islamic neighbors because they were ardent

A

Shias

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27
Q

Who established the Mogul dynasty?

A

Babur

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28
Q

“Gunpowder empires” were empires that

A

We’re formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions they conquered

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29
Q

The greatest Ottoman architects, _____ built 81 mosques

A

Sinan

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30
Q

Which is not a discovery made by Galileo using the telescope?

A

Comets

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31
Q

Which discovery was made by Maria Winkleman?

A

A comet

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32
Q

Isaac Newton’s universal law of gravitation

A

Showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe

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33
Q

Francis Bacon, an English Philosopher, believed scientists should

A

Use inductive reasoning

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34
Q

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a social contract

A

An entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

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35
Q

Which of the following composed The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, and Don Giovanni, three of the world’s greatest operas?

A

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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36
Q

As a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763,

A

Great Britain had become the world’s greatest colonial power

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37
Q

Which of the following was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state?

A

France

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38
Q

The Constitutional Convention began as

A

A meeting of delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation

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39
Q

According to the Ptolemaic system,

A

The universe is a series of concentric spheres with Earth fixed at the center

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40
Q

Which of the following estate groups of France was the only one to pay taxes?

A

The Third Estate

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41
Q

In 1971 a new Constitution was set up in France to allow “active” citizens to vote. What were “active” citizens?

A

Men over 25 who paid taxes

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42
Q

The French National Assembly swore the Tennis Court Oath, which was

A

A vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution

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43
Q

Louis XVI was forced to accept the National Assembly’s decrees because

A

Thousands of armed Parisian women descended on the palace and captured him and his family

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44
Q

The Committee of Public Safety was given broad powers to

A

Defend France from threats

45
Q

The three major parts of Napoleon’s Grand Empire were

A

The French Empire, the dependent states, and the allied states

46
Q

What were the two major reasons that Napoleon’s Grand Empire collapsed?

A

The survival of Great Britain and the force of nationalism

47
Q

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaimed

A

Equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women

48
Q

Who seized political power from the Legislative Assembly?

A

Paris Commune

49
Q

The difference between the Girondins and the Mountain was that

A

The Girondins leaned toward keeping the king alive, while the Mountain wanted the king executed

50
Q

In his novels, Charles Dickens showed the realities of life for the ____ in the early part of the Industrial Age

A

Poor

51
Q

The production of _____ was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution

A

Cotton cloth

52
Q

Otto Von Bismarck practiced realpolitik, which was

A

A theory of politics based on practical matters rather than theory or ethics

53
Q

The formation of the Confederatiom States of America was sparked by

A

The election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States

54
Q

Which of the following emphasized feelings and imagination as source of knowing?

A

Romanticism

55
Q

According to Darwin, which of the following was central to organic evolution?

A

Natural selection

56
Q

Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery?

A

James watt

57
Q

The _____ was crucial to Britain’s Industrial Revolution

A

Steam engine

58
Q

The social change brought about by the Industrial Revolution was evident in the

A

Emergence of the middle class and the working class

59
Q

The effect of the Crimean War was to

A

Destroy the Concert of Europe and leave Australia without friends among the great powers

60
Q

Which country had a much lower standard of living during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A

Spain

61
Q

This party asked its theories on the work of Karl Marx

A

Socialist

62
Q

Signing Freud devised this method by which a therapist and patient could probe deeply into the patient’s memory

A

Psychoanalysis

63
Q

This passage documents Marie’s Curie discovery of

A

Radium

64
Q

In the Second Industrial Revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?

A

Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

65
Q

According to Karl Marx, the ____, or working class, was oppressed by the middle class

A

Proletariat

66
Q

Which of the following founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and Sick in Hamburg, Germany?

A

Amalie Sieveking

67
Q

What was the name of the legislative assembly created by Czar Nicholas II?

A

Duma

68
Q

The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as the

A

Triple Entente

69
Q

According to Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity,

A

If all material things disappear out of the universe, time and space would disappear with them

70
Q

The Spanish-American War resulted in

A

New territories for the United States

71
Q

All of the following came under French control except

A

Thailand

72
Q

All of the following powers had colonies in West Africa by 1900, except

A

The United States

73
Q

After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Britain

A

Took an active interest in Egypt

74
Q

What The British called the Sepoy Mutiny, Indians called the

A

First War of Independence

75
Q

In 1876, Queen Victoria assumed the title of

A

Empress of India

76
Q

British rule of India brought Indian society all of the following benefits except

A

Tea

77
Q

The Mexican period of reform from 1855 to 1876 brought about all of the following except

A

Voting rights for women

78
Q

Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar led South American independence movements against

A

Spain

79
Q

Miguel Hidalgo, a hero of Mexican independence after 1810, had studied

A

The French Recolution

80
Q

Which country was not a member of the Triple Alliance?

A

Russia

81
Q

During World War I, which person did Czar Nicholas II place in charge of the armies?

A

Himself

82
Q

Which concession did president Wilson demand at the Paris Peace Conferences?

A

Creation of a League of Nations

83
Q

What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand?

A

The Black Hand

84
Q

In 1914 ____ was considered an act of war

A

Mobilization of a nation’s army

85
Q

The Western Front was characterized by

A

Trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years

86
Q

Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as

A

The Central Powers

87
Q

The Red secret police, known as the Cheka, began

A

A Red Terror campaign to destroy all those who opposed the new regime

88
Q

World War I was a _____, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people

A

Total war

89
Q

The Schlieffen Plan was

A

Germany’s plan for a two-front war with Russia and France, which had formed a military alliance

90
Q

The Treaty of Locarno guaranteed

A

Germany’s new western borders with France and Belgium

91
Q

John Maynard Keynes argued that unemployment

A

Came not from overproduction, but from a decline in demand

92
Q

A _____ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

A

Totalitarian

93
Q

The Kristallnacht was

A

A destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews

94
Q

Surrealist ______ painted everyday objects but separated them from their normal contexts

A

Salvador Dali

95
Q

The literary work of _____ includes Siddhartha and Steppenwolf

A

Hermann Hesse

96
Q

Who set up the Nazi secret forces?

A

Heinrich Himmler

97
Q

To deal with runaway German inflation, an international commission created the Dawes Plan, which

A

Reduced Germany’s reparations debt

98
Q

An _____ is a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment

A

Economic depression

99
Q

The _____ was the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party

A

Politburo

100
Q

The Arab nationalists who sought to undermine Ottoman rule were backed by British adventurer T.E. Lawrence. What nickname was given to T.E. Lawrence as a result of this activity?

A

Lawrence of Arabia

101
Q

Which ethnic group was a victim of genocide by the Ottoman Turks?

A

Armenians

102
Q

Mohandas Gandhi protested British laws by

A

Using methods of civil disobedience, that is, refusing to obey laws considered to be unjust

103
Q

The vast companies called _____ controlled major segments of the Japanese industrial sector

A

Zaibatsu

104
Q

Who led the People’s Liberation Army on the Long March?

A

Mao Zedong

105
Q

In China, in order to fight the larger Nationalist Army, the Communists

A

Began using guerrilla tactics

106
Q

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy

A

Rejected the use of United States military force in Latin America

107
Q

The _____ controlled the major groups within Mexican society, thereby giving it enormous control over the Mexican presidency

A

Institutional Revolutionary Party

108
Q

______ established the modern state of Iran in 1935

A

Reza Shah Pahlavi

109
Q

The Salt March was

A

Mohandas Gandhi’s march to the sea to protest new British taxes and restrictions on salt

World History (5 decks)

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