Semester Exam Flashcards
When you explain or interpret the things you observe
Inferring
Means using one or more of your senses to gather information
Observing
Making a statement or claim about what you think will happen in the future
Predicting
The grouping together of items that are alike in some ways
Classifying
Refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the naturAl world and propose explanations based on the evidence gathered
Scientific inquiry
A possible answer to a scientific question
Hypothesis
Shows how one variable responds to the other
Line graph
SI unit for length is
Meter
SI unit for mass is
Kilogram
SI unit for measuring volume is
Cubic meter
SI unit for density is
Kilograms per cubic meter
SI unit for time is
Second
SI unit for temperature is
Kelvin
A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object
Weight
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
Mass
The amount of space something takes up
Volume
The measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume
Density
A well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or expire mental result
Scientific theory
Any representative of an object or process
Model
A biologist who wrote about science and nature
Rachel Carson
A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under particular conditions
Scientific law
Show only and few things and are simple to understand
Simple systems
Many parts and many variables interact
Complex system
Material or energy that goes into a system
Input
What happens In a system
Process
Material or energy that comes out of a system
Output
Object information that needs to be stored with out any further processing
Storage
The layer of rock that forms earth outer skin
Crust
The rock below the boundary is this solid material
Mantle
The crust and mantle are both in a single layer
Lithosphere
The second layer known as the soft layer
Asthenosphere
The layer that is formed from increasing pressure 3rd layer
Mesosphere
Layer of molten material sour rounding the inner core
Outer core
A dense ball of solid metal
Inner core
The look and feel of a rocks surface
Texture
Thin flat layering
Foliated
Grains are arranged randomly
Nonfoliated
The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together
Cementation
The process that presses sediments together
Compaction
The process by which sediment settles out of water or wind
Deposition
Formed from lava coming out of a volcano
Extrusive
Magma hardened beneath the surface
Intrusive
Forms from the cooling of molten material
Igneous rock
Forms when small particles of rock or the remains of plants and animals are pressed together
Sedimentary rock
Forms when rocks is changes by heat pressure or chemical reaction
Metamorphic rock
Preserved remains or traces of living things
Fossil
A rock and it’s age compared to the ages of other rocks
Relative age
A radioactive element is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay
Half life
Scientist use radioactive decay to
Calculate the age of rock
What forces magma to erupt
Pressure
What was the climate of Pangea
Hot and dry
What states that the geologic processes that operate today operates in the past
Uniformitarinism
What determines the relative age of sedimentary rock layers
Superposition
What did earths earliest atmosphere se lack
Oxygen
What was wegners hypothesis
All the continents were once joined together in a single landmass that have since drifted apart
A device that uses sound waves to measure the distance to an object
Sonar
Where does sea floor spreading begin
Mid ocean ridges
Heat transfer between the movement of fluids
Convection
Heat transfer between materials that are touching
Conduction
Earths plates and plate motion into a single theory which states earths plate are in constant motion from convection currents
Plate techtonics
What do divergent boundarys do and make
Move apart and Rift Valley
What do transform boundarys do and form
Slip past each other and earthquakes
What do convergent boundarys do and form
Come together and mountain
Volcanoes form along
Convergent and divergent boundaries
A molten mixture of rock forming substances gases and water from The mantle
Magma
What occurs gradually over days months or even years magma is hot or low in silica
Quiet eruptions
Great explosive magma is high in silica
Explosive
Why do small earthquakes occur near a volcano
Because of the shifting plates
Steep cone shaped hill or mountain
Cinder come volcano
Tall cons shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash
Composite volcano
Lava flow slowly which builds this wide gently sloping mountain
Sheild volcano
Repeated floods of lava created these high level plateaus
Lava plateaus
A major belt of volcano
Ring of fire
Volcanos that form at mid ocean ridges occur at what boundarys
Divergent
The mixture of hot gases ash cinders and bombs that flow down the sides of a volcano when it erupts explosively
Pyro clastic flow
Erupt continually
Active volcano
Sleeping expected to awake in the future
Dormat
Dead expected to never erupt again
Extinct
A bowl shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano at the central vent
Crater
Magma that squeezes between horizontal rock layer that harden to form
Sill
Magma that forces itself across rock layers harden into
Dike
A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
Batholiths
